https://glossary.centre-lives.ch/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Livesadmin&feedformat=atomGlossary LIVES - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T00:02:49ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=772Main Page2022-11-01T14:41:31Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your proposition via this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Recovery]] || Hannah S. Klaas, Anna Ehsan <br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social network]] || Mattia Vacchiano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Spillover-crossover effects]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj, Laura Bernardi<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Life_domains&diff=771Life domains2022-09-26T15:13:38Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Life domains are main fields of experience in which individual life course unfold. Family, education, work, health and leisure are often cited as a critical life domains.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the life course literature, spillover effects occur when life domains influence each other. Decisions, events, and [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] in the work domain for instance may affect family configuration or health. We refer to crossover effects when the effects of life events and [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] go beyond, or cross, the life [[Trajectories|trajectory]] of the individual concerned and diffuse to related individuals such as members of his or her [[Social network|social network]]. For instance, temporary or permanent health problems of one member of the family may require various adaptation in the work and leisure activities of other family members. <br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The study of the determinants and consequences of life course [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] is challenging due to the several [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependencies across life domains]] and across related individuals. The Life Course Cube (Bernardi, Huinink and Settersten 2019) proposes a graphic representation of the complexity of the relationships that characterize the life of an individual. The axes of the cube represent three key dimensions: time, domains, and levels. The interconnection between those axes represent the individual behavior over time while interacting across levels (“micro”, “[[Meso level|meso]]” and “macro”) and across life domains.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The interdependence across life domains means that decisions and events happened in one domain may have a strong influence into other life domains, creating spillover effects. For instance, the combined effect of family and working life on wellbeing (Comolli, Bernardi, and Voorpostel, 2020); the simultaneity of working and family life decisions across generations (Bolano and Bernardi, 2020); the link between working uncertainty and family formation decisions (Bolano and Vignoli, 2020); geographical mobility and professional and family careers (Semeraro, 2018); the difficulties of multiple goal pursuit (Freund, 2007). Spillover effects can also been seen as the [[Resources|resources]] generated or drained by one life domain that facilitate or hinder actions and well-being in another life domain (Bernardi, Bollmann, Potarca, and Rossier, 2017; Freund, Knecht, and Wiese, 2014). Negative spillovers may spread the consequences of hazards across life spheres (Pin and Spini, 2016; Widmer, Girardin, and Ludwig, 2017), whereas positive spillovers may trigger resilience or produce synergies (Ihle et al., 2016; Shane and Heckhausen, 2016). In the upcoming LIVES book, an entire section is dedicated to the [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependences across life domains]]. <br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The life course of an individual is characterized by interactions between levels (i.e., macro-meso-micro interaction) as well as within levels (e.g., across individuals). The interdependence across individuals indicates that changes in one person’s life patterns may lead to changes in other people’s lives as well, bringing to a dependence in the attitudes and behaviours of members of the same group or network (household, working place). These types of interactions are crossover effects. For example, studies have shown that fertility behaviour might spread across friends and generations (Bernardi, 2016). Studies have shown the mutual influences of couple’s member on fertility decisions (e.g., Hanappi et al. 2017; Testa and Bolano 2019), health (Lam and Bolano, 2018), migration and adaptaion (Ravasi, Salamin, and Davoine, 2015).<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
[[Resources|Resources]] and [[Reserves|reserves]] are associated with [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] in specific life domains.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Authors: Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potarca, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of well-being and spillover effects across life domains: How do parenthood and personality affect changes in domain-specific satisfaction? ''Research in Human Development'', 14(1), 26-51.<br><br />
Bolano, D., and Bernardi, L. (2020). Transition to Grandparenthood and Early Retirement: Interdependencies of Life Domains across Generations. Unpublished<br><br />
Bolano, D., and Vignoli, D., (2020). First Union Formation in Australia: Actual Constraints or Perceived Uncertainty? ''DISIA Working Paper'', 2020/07.<br><br />
Bernardi, L. (2016). The intergenerational transmission of fertility. In ''Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences'' (pp. 01-16). Hoboken US: John Wiley & Sons 10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0413<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Huinink, J., and Settersten Jr, R. A. (2019). The life course cube: A tool for studying lives. ''Advances in Life Course Research'', 41. <br><br />
Comolli, C.L, Bernardi, L. and Voorpostel, M. (2020). Joint family and work trajectories and multidimensional wellbeing. Under review.<br><br />
Freund, A. M., Knecht, M., & Wiese, B. S. (2014). Multidomain engagement and self-reported psychosomatic symptoms in middle-aged women and men. ''Gerontology'', 60(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358756<br><br />
Freund, A. M. (2007). Differentiating and integrating levels of goal representation: A life-span perspective. In ''B. R. Little, K. Salmela-Aro, & S. D. Phillips (Eds.), Personal project pursuit: Goals, action, and human flourishing'' (pp. 247–270). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.<br><br />
Hanappi, D., Ryser, V-A., Bernardi L., and Le Goff, J-M. (2017). Changes in Employment Uncertainty and the Fertility Intention–Realization Link: An Analysis Based on the Swiss Household Panel. ''European Journal of Population'', 33(3):381-407 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-016-9408-y<br><br />
Ihle, A., Grotz, C., Adam, S., Oris, M., Fagot, D., Gabriel, R., & Kliegel, M. (2016). The association of timing of retirement with cognitive performance in old age: The role of leisure activities after retirement. ''International Psychogeriatrics'', 28(10), 1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216000958<br><br />
Lam, J., and Bolano, D. (2018). Social and productive activities and health among partnered older adults: A couple-level analysis. ''Social Science & Medicine'', 229, 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.016<br><br />
Pin, S., & Spini, D. (2016). Impact of falling on social participation and social support trajectories in a middle-aged and elderly European sample. ''SSM - Population Health'', 2, 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.05.004<br><br />
Ravasi, C., Salamin, X., and Davoine, E. (2015). Cross-cultural adjustment of skilled migrants in a multicultural and multilingual environment: An explorative study of foreign employees and their spouses in the Swiss context. ''The International Journal of Human Resource Management'', 26(10), 1335-1359<br><br />
Semeraro, R. (2018). Migratory Life-Courses and Social Networks. Peruvian Men and Women in Switzerland. PhD thesis, University of Lausanne. <br><br />
Shane, J., & Heckhausen, J. (2016). Optimized Engagement Across Life Domains in Adult Development: Balancing Diversity and Interdomain Consequences. ''Research in Human Development'', 13(4), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1234308<br><br />
Testa, M.R., and Bolano, D. (2019). Intentions and Childbearing in a cross-domain life course approach: the case of Australia. ''VID Working Papers'', 01/2019<br><br />
Widmer, E. D., Girardin, M., & Ludwig, C. (2017). Conflict Structures in Family Networks of Older Adults and Their Relationship With Health-Related Quality of Life. ''Journal of Family Issues'', 39(6), 1573-1597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X17714507<br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Spillover-crossover_effects&diff=770Spillover-crossover effects2022-09-26T15:11:30Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Spillover effects concern transmissions of [[Resources|resources]] or [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] across [[Life domains|life domains]] at a within-person level, whereas crossover effects refer to transmissions between individuals (Bernardi et al., 2017). <br><br />
<br><br />
To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of spillover effects, it is important to identify the particular [[Life domains|life domains]] and roles that may interact, and specify the characteristics of such interactions, in terms of their ''valence, directionality, scope and temporality''. <br><br />
<br><br />
By considering their ''valence'', one can capture the hindering or symbiotic nature of the interactions between different [[Life domains|life domains]]. For example, work and [[Family ties|family]] have been often indicated as domains where negative spillover is likely to occur, based on the ideas that (a) work and family requirements are hardly compatible and (b) that individual resources are limited. As a result, demands in one life role may lead to the depletion of available resources (e.g. time, energy or material means), which in turn negatively affect functioning in another role. However, researchers have also pointed at possible positive spillover effects, which may occur when participation and experiences in multiple roles lead to the expansion and accumulation of [[Resources|resources]], thus facilitating multi-role management and optimal functioning in the respective domains. <br><br />
<br><br />
Concerning their ''directionality'', interactions may operate both in the form of a work-family conflict (i.e. overdemanding work hampering participation in family role) and a family-work conflict (i.e. pressures at home hindering work performances). Moreover, researchers also distinguish between horizontal and vertical spillover (Sirgy, Efraty, Siegel, & Lee, 2001). Horizontal spillover refers to the pathways through which the [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] transit across neighboring domains. Vertical spillover, on the other hand, posits a hierarchy of different domains within individuals’ lives, where subordinate domains are nested within superordinate ones. <br><br />
<br><br />
When it comes to their ''scope'', the spillover effects between [[Life domains|life domains]] may occur through two pathways, namely top-down and bottom-up. The top-down perspective posits that experiences in a superordinate domain influence those in a subordinate one (i.e. overall subjective well-being affecting work-related well-being), based on the assumption that individual dispositions and tendencies may bring them to experience different life events in a same fashion (Udayar, Urbanaviciute, Massoudi & Rossier, 2019). The bottom-up perspective posits the influence of specific life roles on general quality of life (i.e. a meaningful career contributing to the meaning in life), thus considering overall subjective well-being as a function of domain-specific well-being.<br><br />
<br><br />
Finally, the ''temporality'' dimension indicates that the time frame over which the spillover mechanism takes place may vary considerably. Short term spillover effects occur when the consequences of action in one domain rapidly affect another domain as in many examples given above. Long term spillover effects are trickier because the shadow of a critical event stretches over a long time, producing a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] whose consequences become visible only later on in life. For instance, a toddler experiencing material deprivation may develop mental and physical health issues later in life, which can in turn feedback on its [[Family ties|family]] and work life (Elder 1999). <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects are most likely to occur among individuals who share resources due to economic or emotional interdependence, or a mix of the two. Similar to spillover effects, crossover effects can differ in terms of valence, directionality and scope as well as temporality.<br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can be either negative or positive (valence). To exemplify the negative valence, labour market disadvantage of parents is often reflected in labour market disadvantage of their children (Almquist and Brännström 2018). Peer effects in the workplace, whereby a worker’s skills, productivity and wage can foster the development of skills, productivity and wage of co-workers, even if all the workers carry out completely independent tasks (Cornelissen, 2016), are an example of positive crossover effects. <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can operate unidirectionally from one person to another or bidirectionally in a crossover mechanism loop (directionality). Referring to the examples listed above, it may be unlikely that adult children’s labour market disadvantage hit back the career opportunities of parents. But regarding peer effects in the workplace, one can expect a loop: After one of the co-workers becomes more skilled and productive due to peer effects, this may benefit back again his or her colleagues. <br><br />
<br><br />
As already clear from the examples above, crossover effects can involve two or more interrelated individuals (scope). Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage could in principle include only two persons if we consider single-parent families with just one child. Peer effects in the workplace typically have a large scale which includes many co-workers.<br><br />
<br><br />
Regarding temporality, short term crossover effects occur when the consequences of experiences of one person are immediately transmitted to another person. In the long term, the magnitude of the crossover effects may vary due to different mechanisms. Adopting coping strategies and adjustment of individuals experiencing crossovers, may lead to reduction of the magnitude of the effects over time. Alternatively, crossover effects can also strengthen over time due to accumulation of disadvantage. Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage is an example of long-term crossover effects, where a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] includes limited parental economic [[Resources|resources]], as well as undermined educational aspirations and achievement of children, that ultimately lead to children’s labour market disadvantage in adulthood (Almquist & Brännström, 2018).<br><br />
<br />
Spillover and crossover effects may occur simultaneously, triggered by the same events and transitions (Bakker & Demerouti, 2013). For instance, a job loss experienced by an individual may affect his or her [[Family ties|family]] life (spillover effects), and due to emotional reactions and behaviours that place a burden on the other [[Family ties|family]] members, it can in turn cause their health outcomes to deteriorate (crossover effects) (Baranowska-Rataj & Strandh, 2021). In this example, transmission of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] occurs both across [[Life domains|life domains]] (work, family, health) and across interrelated individuals.<br><br />
<br><br />
Authors: Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Laura Bernardi<br><br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Almquist, Y.B., & Brännström, L (2018) Childhood adversity and trajectories of disadvantage through adulthood: findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study. Social Indicators Research, 136(1), 225-245.<br><br />
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). The spillover-crossover model. In J. G. Grzywacz & E. Demerouti (Eds.), New frontiers in work and family research (Current issues in work and organizational psychology). London: Psychology Press.<br><br />
Baranowska-Rataj, A., & Strandh, M. (2021). When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too: The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective. Journal of European Social Policy, 31(2), 143-160.<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potârcâ, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of Well-Being and Spillover Effects Across Life Domains: How Do Parenthood and Personality Affect Changes in Domain-Specific Satisfaction? Research in Human Development, 14, 26-51. DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1268893 <br> <br />
Cornelissen, T. (2016). Do social interactions in the workplace lead to productivity spillover among co-workers?. IZA World of Labor. DOI: 10.15185/izawol.314<br><br />
Elder, G. H. (1999). Children of the great depression: Social change in life experience. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.<br><br />
Haapakorva, P., Ristikari, T., & Gissler, M. (2017). The impact of parental employment trajectories on the children’s early adulthood education and employment trajectories in the Finnish birth cohort 1987. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 8(4), 342-364.<br><br />
Herbst, D., & Mas, A. (2015). Peer effects on worker output in the laboratory generalize to the field. Science, 350(6260), 545-549.<br><br />
Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D.-J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241–302. DOI: 10.1023/A:1010986923468<br><br />
Udayar, S., Urbanaviciute, I., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2019). The role of personality profiles in the longitudinal relationship between work-related well-being and life satisfaction among working adults in Switzerland. European Journal of personality, 34 (1), 77-92. DOI: 10.1002/per.2225 <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Spillover-crossover_effects&diff=767Spillover-crossover effects2022-09-21T15:16:51Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Spillover effects concern transmissions of [[Resources|resources]] or [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] across [[Life domains|life domains]] at a within-person level, whereas crossover effects refer to transmissions between individuals (Bernardi et al., 2017). <br><br />
<br><br />
To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of spillover effects, it is important to identify the particular [[Life domains|life domains]] and roles that may interact, and specify the characteristics of such interactions, in terms of their ''valence, directionality, scope and temporality''. <br><br />
<br><br />
By considering their ''valence'', one can capture the hindering or symbiotic nature of the interactions between different [[Life domains|life domains]]. For example, work and [[Family ties|family]] have been often indicated as domains where negative spillover is likely to occur, based on the ideas that (a) work and family requirements are hardly compatible and (b) that individual resources are limited. As a result, demands in one life role may lead to the depletion of available resources (e.g. time, energy or material means), which in turn negatively affect functioning in another role. However, researchers have also pointed at possible positive spillover effects, which may occur when participation and experiences in multiple roles lead to the expansion and accumulation of [[Resources|resources]], thus facilitating multi-role management and optimal functioning in the respective domains. <br><br />
<br><br />
Concerning their ''directionality'', interactions may operate both in the form of a work-family conflict (i.e. overdemanding work hampering participation in family role) and a family-work conflict (i.e. pressures at home hindering work performances). Moreover, researchers also distinguish between horizontal and vertical spillover (Sirgy, Efraty, Siegel, & Lee, 2001). Horizontal spillover refers to the pathways through which the [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] transit across neighboring domains. Vertical spillover, on the other hand, posits a hierarchy of different domains within individuals’ lives, where subordinate domains are nested within superordinate ones. <br><br />
<br><br />
When it comes to their ''scope'', the spillover effects between [[Life domains|life domains]] may occur through two pathways, namely top-down and bottom-up. The top-down perspective posits that experiences in a superordinate domain influence those in a subordinate one (i.e. overall subjective well-being affecting work-related well-being), based on the assumption that individual dispositions and tendencies may bring them to experience different life events in a same fashion (Udayar, Urbanaviciute, Massoudi & Rossier, 2019). The bottom-up perspective posits the influence of specific life roles on general quality of life (i.e. a meaningful career contributing to the meaning in life), thus considering overall subjective well-being as a function of domain-specific well-being.<br><br />
<br><br />
Finally, the ''temporality'' dimension indicates that the time frame over which the spillover mechanism takes place may vary considerably. Short term spillover effects occur when the consequences of action in one domain rapidly affect another domain as in many examples given above. Long term spillover effects are trickier because the shadow of a critical event stretches over a long time, producing a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] whose consequences become visible only later on in life. For instance, a toddler experiencing material deprivation may develop mental and physical health issues later in life, which can in turn feedback on its [[Family ties|family]] and work life (Elder 1999). <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects are most likely to occur among individuals who share resources due to economic or emotional [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependence]], or a mix of the two. Similar to spillover effects, crossover effects can differ in terms of valence, directionality and scope as well as temporality.<br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can be either negative or positive (valence). To exemplify the negative valence, labour market disadvantage of parents is often reflected in labour market disadvantage of their children (Almquist and Brännström 2018). Peer effects in the workplace, whereby a worker’s skills, productivity and wage can foster the development of skills, productivity and wage of co-workers, even if all the workers carry out completely independent tasks (Cornelissen, 2016), are an example of positive crossover effects. <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can operate unidirectionally from one person to another or bidirectionally in a crossover mechanism loop (directionality). Referring to the examples listed above, it may be unlikely that adult children’s labour market disadvantage hit back the career opportunities of parents. But regarding peer effects in the workplace, one can expect a loop: After one of the co-workers becomes more skilled and productive due to peer effects, this may benefit back again his or her colleagues. <br><br />
<br><br />
As already clear from the examples above, crossover effects can involve two or more interrelated individuals (scope). Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage could in principle include only two persons if we consider single-parent families with just one child. Peer effects in the workplace typically have a large scale which includes many co-workers.<br><br />
<br><br />
Regarding temporality, short term crossover effects occur when the consequences of experiences of one person are immediately transmitted to another person. In the long term, the magnitude of the crossover effects may vary due to different mechanisms. Adopting coping strategies and adjustment of individuals experiencing crossovers, may lead to reduction of the magnitude of the effects over time. Alternatively, crossover effects can also strengthen over time due to accumulation of disadvantage. Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage is an example of long-term crossover effects, where a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] includes limited parental economic [[Resources|resources]], as well as undermined educational aspirations and achievement of children, that ultimately lead to children’s labour market disadvantage in adulthood (Almquist & Brännström, 2018).<br><br />
<br />
Spillover and crossover effects may occur simultaneously, triggered by the same events and transitions (Bakker & Demerouti, 2013). For instance, a job loss experienced by an individual may affect his or her [[Family ties|family]] life (spillover effects), and due to emotional reactions and behaviours that place a burden on the other [[Family ties|family]] members, it can in turn cause their health outcomes to deteriorate (crossover effects) (Baranowska-Rataj & Strandh, 2021). In this example, transmission of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] occurs both across [[Life domains|life domains]] (work, family, health) and across interrelated individuals.<br><br />
<br><br />
Authors: Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Laura Bernardi<br><br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Almquist, Y.B., & Brännström, L (2018) Childhood adversity and trajectories of disadvantage through adulthood: findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study. Social Indicators Research, 136(1), 225-245.<br><br />
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). The spillover-crossover model. In J. G. Grzywacz & E. Demerouti (Eds.), New frontiers in work and family research (Current issues in work and organizational psychology). London: Psychology Press.<br><br />
Baranowska-Rataj, A., & Strandh, M. (2021). When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too: The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective. Journal of European Social Policy, 31(2), 143-160.<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potârcâ, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of Well-Being and Spillover Effects Across Life Domains: How Do Parenthood and Personality Affect Changes in Domain-Specific Satisfaction? Research in Human Development, 14, 26-51. DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1268893 <br> <br />
Cornelissen, T. (2016). Do social interactions in the workplace lead to productivity spillover among co-workers?. IZA World of Labor. DOI: 10.15185/izawol.314<br><br />
Elder, G. H. (1999). Children of the great depression: Social change in life experience. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.<br><br />
Haapakorva, P., Ristikari, T., & Gissler, M. (2017). The impact of parental employment trajectories on the children’s early adulthood education and employment trajectories in the Finnish birth cohort 1987. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 8(4), 342-364.<br><br />
Herbst, D., & Mas, A. (2015). Peer effects on worker output in the laboratory generalize to the field. Science, 350(6260), 545-549.<br><br />
Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D.-J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241–302. DOI: 10.1023/A:1010986923468<br><br />
Udayar, S., Urbanaviciute, I., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2019). The role of personality profiles in the longitudinal relationship between work-related well-being and life satisfaction among working adults in Switzerland. European Journal of personality, 34 (1), 77-92. DOI: 10.1002/per.2225 <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=766Main Page2022-09-21T15:13:22Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your proposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Recovery]] || Hannah S. Klaas, Anna Ehsan <br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social network]] || Mattia Vacchiano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Spillover-crossover effects]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj, Laura Bernardi<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Spillover-crossover_effects&diff=765Spillover-crossover effects2022-09-21T15:11:31Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Spillover effects concern transmissions of [[Resources|resources]] or [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] across [[Life domains|life domains]] at a within-person level, whereas crossover effects refer to transmissions between individuals (Bernardi et al., 2017). <br><br />
<br><br />
To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of spillover effects, it is important to identify the particular [[Life domains|life domains]] and roles that may interact, and specify the characteristics of such interactions, in terms of their ''valence, directionality, scope and temporality''. <br><br />
<br><br />
By considering their ''valence'', one can capture the hindering or symbiotic nature of the interactions between different [[Life domains|life domains]]. For example, work and family have been often indicated as domains where negative spillover is likely to occur, based on the ideas that (a) work and family requirements are hardly compatible and (b) that individual resources are limited. As a result, demands in one life role may lead to the depletion of available resources (e.g. time, energy or material means), which in turn negatively affect functioning in another role. However, researchers have also pointed at possible positive spillover effects, which may occur when participation and experiences in multiple roles lead to the expansion and accumulation of [[Resources|resources]], thus facilitating multi-role management and optimal functioning in the respective domains. <br><br />
<br><br />
Concerning their ''directionality'', interactions may operate both in the form of a work-family conflict (i.e. overdemanding work hampering participation in family role) and a family-work conflict (i.e. pressures at home hindering work performances). Moreover, researchers also distinguish between horizontal and vertical spillover (Sirgy, Efraty, Siegel, & Lee, 2001). Horizontal spillover refers to the pathways through which the [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] transit across neighboring domains. Vertical spillover, on the other hand, posits a hierarchy of different domains within individuals’ lives, where subordinate domains are nested within superordinate ones. <br><br />
<br><br />
When it comes to their ''scope'', the spillover effects between [[Life domains|life domains]] may occur through two pathways, namely top-down and bottom-up. The top-down perspective posits that experiences in a superordinate domain influence those in a subordinate one (i.e. overall subjective well-being affecting work-related well-being), based on the assumption that individual dispositions and tendencies may bring them to experience different life events in a same fashion (Udayar, Urbanaviciute, Massoudi & Rossier, 2019). The bottom-up perspective posits the influence of specific life roles on general quality of life (i.e. a meaningful career contributing to the meaning in life), thus considering overall subjective well-being as a function of domain-specific well-being.<br><br />
<br><br />
Finally, the ''temporality'' dimension indicates that the time frame over which the spillover mechanism takes place may vary considerably. Short term spillover effects occur when the consequences of action in one domain rapidly affect another domain as in many examples given above. Long term spillover effects are trickier because the shadow of a critical event stretches over a long time, producing a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] or [[Resources|resources]] whose consequences become visible only later on in life. For instance, a toddler experiencing material deprivation may develop mental and physical health issues later in life, which can in turn feedback on its [[Family ties|family]] and work life (Elder 1999). <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects are most likely to occur among individuals who share resources due to economic or emotional [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependence]], or a mix of the two. Similar to spillover effects, crossover effects can differ in terms of valence, directionality and scope as well as temporality.<br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can be either negative or positive (valence). To exemplify the negative valence, labour market disadvantage of parents is often reflected in labour market disadvantage of their children (Almquist and Brännström 2018). Peer effects in the workplace, whereby a worker’s skills, productivity and wage can foster the development of skills, productivity and wage of co-workers, even if all the workers carry out completely independent tasks (Cornelissen, 2016), are an example of positive crossover effects. <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can operate unidirectionally from one person to another or bidirectionally in a crossover mechanism loop (directionality). Referring to the examples listed above, it may be unlikely that adult children’s labour market disadvantage hit back the career opportunities of parents. But regarding peer effects in the workplace, one can expect a loop: After one of the co-workers becomes more skilled and productive due to peer effects, this may benefit back again his or her colleagues. <br><br />
<br><br />
As already clear from the examples above, crossover effects can involve two or more interrelated individuals (scope). Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage could in principle include only two persons if we consider single-parent families with just one child. Peer effects in the workplace typically have a large scale which includes many co-workers.<br><br />
<br><br />
Regarding temporality, short term crossover effects occur when the consequences of experiences of one person are immediately transmitted to another person. In the long term, the magnitude of the crossover effects may vary due to different mechanisms. Adopting coping strategies and adjustment of individuals experiencing crossovers, may lead to reduction of the magnitude of the effects over time. Alternatively, crossover effects can also strengthen over time due to accumulation of disadvantage. Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage is an example of long-term crossover effects, where a path of accumulation of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] includes limited parental economic [[Resources|resources]], as well as undermined educational aspirations and achievement of children, that ultimately lead to children’s labour market disadvantage in adulthood (Almquist & Brännström, 2018).<br><br />
<br />
Spillover and crossover effects may occur simultaneously, triggered by the same events and transitions (Bakker & Demerouti, 2013). For instance, a job loss experienced by an individual may affect his or her family life (spillover effects), and due to emotional reactions and behaviours that place a burden on the other family members, it can in turn cause their health outcomes to deteriorate (crossover effects) (Baranowska-Rataj & Strandh, 2021). In this example, transmission of [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] occurs both across [[Life domains|life domains]] (work, family, health) and across interrelated individuals.<br><br />
<br><br />
Authors: Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Laura Bernardi<br><br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Almquist, Y.B., & Brännström, L (2018) Childhood adversity and trajectories of disadvantage through adulthood: findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study. Social Indicators Research, 136(1), 225-245.<br><br />
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). The spillover-crossover model. In J. G. Grzywacz & E. Demerouti (Eds.), New frontiers in work and family research (Current issues in work and organizational psychology). London: Psychology Press.<br><br />
Baranowska-Rataj, A., & Strandh, M. (2021). When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too: The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective. Journal of European Social Policy, 31(2), 143-160.<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potârcâ, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of Well-Being and Spillover Effects Across Life Domains: How Do Parenthood and Personality Affect Changes in Domain-Specific Satisfaction? Research in Human Development, 14, 26-51. DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1268893 <br> <br />
Cornelissen, T. (2016). Do social interactions in the workplace lead to productivity spillover among co-workers?. IZA World of Labor. DOI: 10.15185/izawol.314<br><br />
Elder, G. H. (1999). Children of the great depression: Social change in life experience. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.<br><br />
Haapakorva, P., Ristikari, T., & Gissler, M. (2017). The impact of parental employment trajectories on the children’s early adulthood education and employment trajectories in the Finnish birth cohort 1987. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 8(4), 342-364.<br><br />
Herbst, D., & Mas, A. (2015). Peer effects on worker output in the laboratory generalize to the field. Science, 350(6260), 545-549.<br><br />
Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D.-J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241–302. DOI: 10.1023/A:1010986923468<br><br />
Udayar, S., Urbanaviciute, I., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2019). The role of personality profiles in the longitudinal relationship between work-related well-being and life satisfaction among working adults in Switzerland. European Journal of personality, 34 (1), 77-92. DOI: 10.1002/per.2225 <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Spillover-crossover_effects&diff=764Spillover-crossover effects2022-09-21T15:01:04Z<p>Livesadmin: Created page with "Spillover effects concern transmissions of resources or vulnerabilities across life domains at a within-person level, whereas crossover effects refer to transmissions between individuals (Bernardi et al., 2017). <br> <br> To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of spillover effects, it is important to identify the particular life domains and roles that may interact, and specify the characteristics of such interactions, in terms of their ''valence, directionality, s..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Spillover effects concern transmissions of resources or vulnerabilities across life domains at a within-person level, whereas crossover effects refer to transmissions between individuals (Bernardi et al., 2017). <br><br />
<br><br />
To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of spillover effects, it is important to identify the particular life domains and roles that may interact, and specify the characteristics of such interactions, in terms of their ''valence, directionality, scope and temporality''. <br><br />
<br><br />
By considering their ''valence'', one can capture the hindering or symbiotic nature of the interactions between different life domains. For example, work and family have been often indicated as domains where negative spillover is likely to occur, based on the ideas that (a) work and family requirements are hardly compatible and (b) that individual resources are limited. As a result, demands in one life role may lead to the depletion of available resources (e.g. time, energy or material means), which in turn negatively affect functioning in another role. However, researchers have also pointed at possible positive spillover effects, which may occur when participation and experiences in multiple roles lead to the expansion and accumulation of resources, thus facilitating multi-role management and optimal functioning in the respective domains. <br><br />
<br><br />
Concerning their ''directionality'', interactions may operate both in the form of a work-family conflict (i.e. overdemanding work hampering participation in family role) and a family-work conflict (i.e. pressures at home hindering work performances). Moreover, researchers also distinguish between horizontal and vertical spillover (Sirgy, Efraty, Siegel, & Lee, 2001). Horizontal spillover refers to the pathways through which the vulnerabilities or resources transit across neighboring domains. Vertical spillover, on the other hand, posits a hierarchy of different domains within individuals’ lives, where subordinate domains are nested within superordinate ones. <br><br />
<br><br />
When it comes to their ''scope'', the spillover effects between life domains may occur through two pathways, namely top-down and bottom-up. The top-down perspective posits that experiences in a superordinate domain influence those in a subordinate one (i.e. overall subjective well-being affecting work-related well-being), based on the assumption that individual dispositions and tendencies may bring them to experience different life events in a same fashion (Udayar, Urbanaviciute, Massoudi & Rossier, 2019). The bottom-up perspective posits the influence of specific life roles on general quality of life (i.e. a meaningful career contributing to the meaning in life), thus considering overall subjective well-being as a function of domain-specific well-being.<br><br />
<br><br />
Finally, the ''temporality'' dimension indicates that the time frame over which the spillover mechanism takes place may vary considerably. Short term spillover effects occur when the consequences of action in one domain rapidly affect another domain as in many examples given above. Long term spillover effects are trickier because the shadow of a critical event stretches over a long time, producing a path of accumulation of vulnerabilities or resources whose consequences become visible only later on in life. For instance, a toddler experiencing material deprivation may develop mental and physical health issues later in life, which can in turn feedback on its family and work life (Elder 1999). <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects are most likely to occur among individuals who share resources due to economic or emotional interdependence, or a mix of the two. Similar to spillover effects, crossover effects can differ in terms of valence, directionality and scope as well as temporality.<br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can be either negative or positive (valence). To exemplify the negative valence, labour market disadvantage of parents is often reflected in labour market disadvantage of their children (Almquist and Brännström 2018). Peer effects in the workplace, whereby a worker’s skills, productivity and wage can foster the development of skills, productivity and wage of co-workers, even if all the workers carry out completely independent tasks (Cornelissen, 2016), are an example of positive crossover effects. <br><br />
<br><br />
Crossover effects can operate unidirectionally from one person to another or bidirectionally in a crossover mechanism loop (directionality). Referring to the examples listed above, it may be unlikely that adult children’s labour market disadvantage hit back the career opportunities of parents. But regarding peer effects in the workplace, one can expect a loop: After one of the co-workers becomes more skilled and productive due to peer effects, this may benefit back again his or her colleagues. <br><br />
<br><br />
As already clear from the examples above, crossover effects can involve two or more interrelated individuals (scope). Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage could in principle include only two persons if we consider single-parent families with just one child. Peer effects in the workplace typically have a large scale which includes many co-workers.<br><br />
<br><br />
Regarding temporality, short term crossover effects occur when the consequences of experiences of one person are immediately transmitted to another person. In the long term, the magnitude of the crossover effects may vary due to different mechanisms. Adopting coping strategies and adjustment of individuals experiencing crossovers, may lead to reduction of the magnitude of the effects over time. Alternatively, crossover effects can also strengthen over time due to accumulation of disadvantage. Intergenerational transmission of labour market disadvantage is an example of long-term crossover effects, where a path of accumulation of vulnerabilities includes limited parental economic resources, as well as undermined educational aspirations and achievement of children, that ultimately lead to children’s labour market disadvantage in adulthood (Almquist & Brännström, 2018).<br><br />
<br />
Spillover and crossover effects may occur simultaneously, triggered by the same events and transitions (Bakker & Demerouti, 2013). For instance, a job loss experienced by an individual may affect his or her family life (spillover effects), and due to emotional reactions and behaviours that place a burden on the other family members, it can in turn cause their health outcomes to deteriorate (crossover effects) (Baranowska-Rataj & Strandh, 2021). In this example, transmission of vulnerabilities occurs both across life domains (work, family, health) and across interrelated individuals.<br><br />
<br><br />
Authors: Koorosh Massoudi, Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Laura Bernardi<br><br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Almquist, Y.B., & Brännström, L (2018) Childhood adversity and trajectories of disadvantage through adulthood: findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study. Social Indicators Research, 136(1), 225-245.<br><br />
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). The spillover-crossover model. In J. G. Grzywacz & E. Demerouti (Eds.), New frontiers in work and family research (Current issues in work and organizational psychology). London: Psychology Press.<br><br />
Baranowska-Rataj, A., & Strandh, M. (2021). When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too: The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective. Journal of European Social Policy, 31(2), 143-160.<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potârcâ, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of Well-Being and Spillover Effects Across Life Domains: How Do Parenthood and Personality Affect Changes in Domain-Specific Satisfaction? Research in Human Development, 14, 26-51. DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1268893 <br> <br />
Cornelissen, T. (2016). Do social interactions in the workplace lead to productivity spillover among co-workers?. IZA World of Labor. DOI: 10.15185/izawol.314<br><br />
Elder, G. H. (1999). Children of the great depression: Social change in life experience. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.<br><br />
Haapakorva, P., Ristikari, T., & Gissler, M. (2017). The impact of parental employment trajectories on the children’s early adulthood education and employment trajectories in the Finnish birth cohort 1987. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 8(4), 342-364.<br><br />
Herbst, D., & Mas, A. (2015). Peer effects on worker output in the laboratory generalize to the field. Science, 350(6260), 545-549.<br><br />
Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P., & Lee, D.-J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Research, 55, 241–302. DOI: 10.1023/A:1010986923468<br><br />
Udayar, S., Urbanaviciute, I., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2019). The role of personality profiles in the longitudinal relationship between work-related well-being and life satisfaction among working adults in Switzerland. European Journal of personality, 34 (1), 77-92. DOI: 10.1002/per.2225 <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=763Main Page2022-09-21T14:52:24Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your proposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Recovery]] || Hannah S. Klaas, Anna Ehsan <br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social network]] || Mattia Vacchiano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=762Main Page2022-09-21T14:51:17Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your proposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
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| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
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| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
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| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
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| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
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| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
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| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
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| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
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| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
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| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social network]] || Mattia Vacchiano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
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| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Transition-bifurcation&diff=761Transition-bifurcation2022-09-21T14:49:41Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
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<div>In lifespan and [[Life course|life course]] research, a transition corresponds to the movement from one stable state to a new state. Caspi and Mofitt (1993) define a transition as going from a predictable (familiar) to an unpredictable (unfamiliar) context. This necessitates cognitive, social, behavioral, motivational, or emotional adaptions to the new context. However, [[Life course|life course]] transitions occur in specific social and historical contexts, which can shape the orientations of transitions as well as their timing.<br> <br />
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In lifespan psychology, a transition refers to internal or external changes unfolding over time that may or may not be linked to certain life events. For instance, the birth of a child is a life event that takes place at a specific point in time, but the psychological transition to parenthood might start even before pregnancy with the wish for a child and the preparation for it, as well as the psychological changes in, for instance, identity, motivation, social relations, the behavioral repertoire associated with parenthood before and after the birth of the child. However, transitions may also increase the stability of individual characteristics such as personality traits, as the unpredictability of an unfamiliar context or situation can lead persons to assimilate it into existing cognitive and action structures (Caspi, Roberts, & Shiner, 2005). Thus, transitions are seen as both phases of psychological changes as well as the accentuation and stability of interindividual differences. <br> <br />
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In sociology and social demography, a transition is often associated with a change from one social status to another social status (Levy et al., 2005). This is the case of the transition to parenthood during which men and women acquire the social status of father or mother, with important repercussions at different levels (couple relationships, [[Social network|social network]], etc.). Such a transition could lead to a divergence in [[Trajectories|trajectories]] between different groups, according to their social status. For example, in the Swiss context, women move to part-time work, taking on caregiving and many domestic tasks, while men remain full-time (Le Goff and Levy, 2016). <br> <br />
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A transition can also be related to a change from a life period to another life period. In the context of Western societies, the passage to adulthood is a transition during which a young person, economically dependent on his or her family, gradually acquires his/her economic independence and forms a new family. Events of this transition include leaving the education system, accessing the first job, leaving the parental home, cohabitation with a partner, marriage, and the birth of the first child. This type of transition to adulthood took place starting from the middle of the 19th century in Western societies, on the one hand when the school became compulsory, and on the other hand when the bourgeois or romantic family became predominant (Modell et al., 1976). The modalities of the passage to adulthood and their timing depend in part on the ascriptive characteristics of young people and their families of origin, such as social class, migration status, gender (Galland and Cavalli, 1993; Spini et al, 2019; Rossignon, 2016). <br> <br />
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Acknowledging the existence of age-normative transitions (e.g., entering school in childhood; finishing education in late adolescence or “emerging adulthood,” Arnett, 2000; entering the labor market, marriage, and founding a family in young adulthood; retirement in late adulthood; cf., the concept of developmental tasks by Havighurst, 1972), lifespan psychology has, however, criticized the assumption of fixed developmental stages as ignoring important variations between socio-cultural groups, large interindividual differences within socio-cultural groups, and the lack of evidence for a unidirectional progression from one stage to another with relatively clear age demarcations. Particularly given historic changes in the normatively expected age for finishing one´s education, entering the labor market, or founding a family (cf., the concept of “emerging adulthood”; Arnett, 2000), and the consequences of the increase in longevity on the structuring of goals in middle adulthood and old age (cf., the concept of the “bucket list effect”, Freund, 2020), the age-normativity of transitions is seen as weakening both historically and across the lifespan (Kohli, 2000; but see Settersten & Hagestadt, 1996a,b).<br> <br />
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Other transitions may correspond to unexpected changes. These include separation processes leading to divorce. A transition can sometimes correspond to a turning point or a bifurcation in the [[Life course|life course]] (Elder, 1985; Abbott, 2001). A bifurcation corresponds to a moment from which the [[Life course|life course]] [[Trajectories|trajectory]] of an individual diverges from its expected [[Trajectories|trajectory]] according to his/her social characteristics. This change in the orientation of the [[Life course|life course]] is often related to a contingency, for example, an accident, an unexpected event, or even a major societal crisis, such as an economic crisis.<br> <br />
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Authors: Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
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==References==<br />
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Abbott A. (2001), Time Matters. On Theory and Method. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.<br> <br />
Arnett, J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.<br />
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (1993). When do individual differences matter? A paradoxical theory of personality coherence. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 247-271. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0404_1<br> <br />
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453-484. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913<br> <br />
Cavalli A. & Galland O. (1993). L’allongement de la jeunesse. Arles: Actes Sud.<br> <br />
Elder, G.H. (1985), « Perspectives of the Life Course », in Eelder GH. (dir.) Life Course Dynamics, p. 23-49, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.<br />
Freund, A. M. (2020). The bucket list effect: Why leisure goals are often deferred until retirement. American Psychologist, 75(4), 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000617 <br> <br />
Havighurst, R. J. (1972). Developmental tasks and education (3rd ed.). New York: McKay.<br> <br />
Kohli, M. (2000). Altersgrenzen als gesellschaftliches Regulativ individueller Lebensgestaltung: ein Anachronismus? [Age boundaries as a regulation of individual life courses: An anachronism?]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 33, 15-23.<br> <br />
Le Goff, J.-M., and Levy R. (2016), Devenir parents, devenir inégaux. Transition à la parentalité et inégalités de genre. Zürich : Seismo.<br />
Levy, R. and the Pavie team (2005). Why Look at Life Courses in an Interdisciplinary Perspective. In Levy, R., Ghisletta, P., Le Goff, J.-M., Spini, D,. and Widmer, E,. (eds). Towards an Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Life Course.<br> <br />
Modell, J., Furstenberg F.F., & Hershberg T. (1976). Social change and transitions to adulthood in historical perspective, Journal of Family History, 1 (1), 7-32.<br> <br />
Rossignon, F. (2016). Transition to adulthood for vulnerables populations in Switzerland: How past trajectories matter. PhD thesis. Lausanne: University of Lausanne and NCCR Lives. <br> <br />
Settersten, R. A., & Hagestad, G. O. (1996a). What’s the latest? Cultural age deadlines for educational and work transitions. The Gerontologist, 36, 602-613.<br> <br />
Settersten, R. A., & Hagestad, G. O. (1996b). What’s the latest? Cultural age deadlines for family transitions. The Gerontologist, 36, 178-188.<br />
Spini, D., Dasoki, N., Elcheroth, G., Gauthier, J.-A., Le Goff, J.-M. Morselli, D., Rossignon, F. and Tillmann, R. (2019) The LIVES-FORS cohort survey: A longitudinal diversified sample of young adults who have grown up in Switzerland, Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 10(3): 399–410, DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15628474680745<br />
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<div>The notion of social capital expresses the idea that networks of relationships, in their multiple forms, have an intrinsic value that is beneficial for individual and collective action. Since the appearance of this concept in the academic field, studies on social capital have grown exponentially in different body of literature, thus constituting a vast and heterogeneous production. Although the positive effect of networks is a classic issue in social sciences—e.g., a subject already addressed by Tönnies' Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft debate or in the Durkheimian concept of anomie—the conceptualization of social capital provided new vitality to the study of social relationships starting from the late 80's. In addition, the exponential growth of social capital analyses made this concept goes beyond the academic barriers, capturing the interest of the institutional discourse and the political agenda (Portes, 1998).<br />
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==Origin of the concept==<br />
Three authors are considered the main contributors to the initial disclosure of the concept of social capital: Robert Putnam, James Coleman and Pierre Bourdieu. For Putnam (2000) social capital is an expression of societal virtues. Communities with fruitful webs of connections, Putnam (2000) argues, generate a "stock" of social [[Resources|resources]] that facilitate the societal coordination, and that can also help individuals to achieve their purposes. Similarly, for Coleman (1988) the relationships within a community have a specific function: they facilitate agents’ actions to accomplish goals and needs. Compared to these perspectives, Bourdieu's vision on social capital put major emphasis on this notion as individual good. The reason is that in Bourdieu (1986) social capital is linked to the possession of an enduring network of relationship that provide potential [[Resources|resources]], such as information, influence, knowledge or social support. These [[Resources|resources]] represent thus a social capital that can be measured by looking the number of individual's connections, and also the volume of economic, cultural or symbolic capital possessed by each individual's ties (Bourdieu, 1986). Bourdieu's definition is what most is linked with [[Social network|Social network]] Analysis (SNA) perspective (Wasserman and Faust, 2001).<br />
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==Current issues==<br />
Many research areas on social capital have thus grown in the last three decades, such as labour market (Lin, 2001; Smith and Young, 2017; Vacchiano, 2021) and [[Family ties|family]] studies (Widmer, 2006), epidemiology (Valente, 2010), physical and mental health issues (Kawachi and Berkman, 2014; Ehsan et al., 2019). Theoretical and methodological advances have led to the conceptualization of different forms of bonding, bridging or linking social capital to understand the transmission of support (Rostila, 2011) or information (Granovetter, 1985) and how contacts link individuals to authorities (Szreter and Woolcock, 2004). SNA has contributed substantially to the conceptualization of these mechanisms (Burt, 2010), and it has now been considered a roadmap to strengthen links with the [[Life course|life course]] perspective (Alwin et al., 2018; Bidart et al., 2020; Vacchiano and Spini, 2021) and to extend inquiries on social capital to the digital world (Lu and Hampton, 2017). In addition, there is increasing emphasis among scholars on extending the analysis of what is called the 'dark side of social capital', and how networks can be a source of [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] through conflicts and barriers to [[Resources|resources]] (Everett and Borgatti, 2014). Recent Lives work has proposed to conceptualize social capital as [[Reserves|reserves]] (Cullati et al., 2018).<br><br />
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Authors: Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
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==References==<br />
Alwin, Duane F., Diane H. Felmlee, and Derek A. Kreager. 2018. ''Social Networks and the Life Course. Integrating the Development of Human Lives and Social Relational Networks''. Basel: Springer International Publishing.<br><br />
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In ''Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education'' , edited by J. G. Richardson (pp. 241-58). New York : Greenwood.<br><br />
Bidart, C., Degenne, A., & Grossetti, M. (2020). Living in networks: The dynamics of social relations. Cambridge:<br />
Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
Burt, R. S. (2010). ''Neighbor Networks''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br><br />
Burt, R. S. (1992). ''Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition''. Cambridge:Harvard Univesrity Press.<br><br />
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 94, S95-120.<br><br />
Cullati, S., Kliegel, M., & Widmer, E. D. (2018). Development of reserves over the life course and onset of vulnerability in later life. Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 551–558.<br> <br />
Ehsan, A., Klaas, H. S., Bastianen, A., & Spini, D. (2019). Social capital and health: A systematic review of systematic reviews. ''SSM-population health'', 100425<br><br />
Everett, M., & Borgatti, S. (2014). Networks containing negative ties. ''Social Networks'', 38(1): 111–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2014.03.005<br><br />
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 91(3):481-510.<br><br />
Lin, N. (2001). ''Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action''. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.<br><br />
Lu,W., & Hampton, K. N. (2017). Beyond the power of networks. ''New Media & Society'', 19(6), 861–879. doi:10.1177/1461444815621514<br><br />
Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2014). Social capital, social cohesion, and health. ''Social Epidemiology'', 2, 290–319.<br><br />
Putnam, R. D. (2000). ''Bowling Alone. The Collapse and Revival of AmericanCommunity''. New York: Touchstone.<br><br />
Rostila (2011). The facets of social capital. ''J. Theory Soc. Behav.'', 41 (3), 308- 326.<br><br />
Smith, S. S., & Young, K. A. (2017). Want, need, fit: The cultural logics of job-matching assistance. ''Work and Occupations'', 44(2), 171–209.<br><br />
Spini, D., Bernardi, L. & Oris, M. (2017). Vulnerability Across the LifeCourse. ''Research in Human Development'', 14:1, 1-4, DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1268891<br><br />
Szreter, S. and Woolcock, M. (2004). Health by Association? Social Capital, Social Theory, and the Political Economy of Public Health.''International Journal of Epidemiology'' 33(4), 650–667.<br><br />
Vacchiano, M. (2021). Nine Mechanisms of Job-Searching and Job-Findings Through<br />
Contacts Among Young Adults, Sociological Research Online,<br />
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13607804211009525.<br><br />
Vacchiano, M. and Spini, D. (2021) Networked lives. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 51, <br />
87–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12265 <br><br />
Wasserman, S., and Katherine F. (1994). ''Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications''. New York: Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
Widmer, E. (2006). Who are my family members? Bridging and binding social capital in family configurations. ''J. Soc. Pers. Relatsh.'' 23, 979–998.<br><br />
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<div>Overall, a resource is something – tangible or intangible - that an institution or an individual can use to improve her/his condition, to achieve an aim or to deal with difficulties (e.g. see “resource” in Larousse, n.d.; Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary, n.d.). In psychology, resources can be generally defined as “those entities that either are centrally valued in their own right (e.g., self-esteem, close attachments, health, and inner peace) or act as a means to obtain centrally valued ends (e.g., money, social support, and credit)” (Hobfoll, 2002, p. 307). In sociology, resources are material or symbolic goods whose value is socially determinant and that can be use in social actions; in most societies, these goods are associated with wealth, status and power (Lin, 1995). In an interdisciplinary and [[Life course|life course]] perspective, the notion of resources is central to the study of vulnerability. Resources are conceptualized as means that decrease “ the risk of experiencing (1) negative consequences related to sources of [[Stress and stressors|stress]], (2) the inability to cope effectively with [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], and (3) the inability to recover from the stressor or to take advantage of opportunities before a given deadline” (Spini et al., 2017, p. 2). In others word, resources are conceptualized as means to overcome vulnerability across [[Life course|life course]]. <br />
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In this context, the resources possibly available to individuals are multiple and refer to various [[Life domains|life domains]] (i.e., economic, relational, cognitive, or institutional). Among the various types of resources, we can distinguish personal resources from social resources. '''Personal resources''' belong to and are in possession of the individuals (for instance, health, education, income, etc.); in contrast, '''social resources''' refer to resources that are embedded in social ties, i.e. they belong and are in possession of other persons and the individual access to these resources only through his/her [[Social network|social network]] (Lin, 1995). Among personal resources, we can distinguish biological, psychological or economic resources. Biological resources refer to genes and physical health conditions. Psychological resources include personality traits, cognitive-affective self-regulation, and identity narratives (Heckhausen, 1999; Hooker & McAdams, 2003). '''Economic resources''' refer to money and wealth. By extension, it can also include more social dimensions of economic life – or the determinant of the capacity to work and produce (e.g. education, skills, experience, or health), referring to “human capital” concept (Becker, 1964). Of course, these classifications are limited and partial and we could distinguish '''other types of resources'''. For instance, at individual level, we could distinguish “cultural” resources (knowledge, degrees, soft-skills, language, cultural goods, etc.), or “symbolic” resources (recognition, prestige) in reference with Bourdieu’s capital types (Bourdieu, 1986). Resources can also be situated at collective level through the institutions and their services (e.g. Welfare State policies) and the cultural context (shared norms and values) (Spini et al., 2017). Beyond the multiplicity of resources levels and types, the various resources intersect and interact with each other (Bourdieu, 1979; Hobfoll, 2002; Hooker & McAdams, 2003), referring to multidimensional and multilevel dimensions of life-courses and vulnerability processes (Spini et al., 2017).<br />
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Resources and their distribution in multiple combinations across [[Life domains|life domains]] are available differently depending individual, time and space. For instance, the social stratification approach stresses the importance of social origin and parental socioeconomic status on individual resources and the intergenerational transmission of inequalities (Ferraro, 2011). Individual resources are also influenced by the position in the stratification system in terms of gender, ethnicity or age (Dannefer et al., 2005; Mutchler & Burr, 2011; Venn et al., 2011). The impact of structures on individual resources must also be conceptualized in term of history : the period in which the individual lives influences the resources available to them, involving cohort differences (Oris et al., 2017). In psychology, the long-term process of resources availability is stressed by various models that show a “critical period” in [[Life course|life course]] through the important effect of childhood and early in life on the later health of a person (for a resume, see, Spini et al., 2013). However, resources availability is also dependent on individual trajectories: even personal resources initially conceived as very stable, typically personality traits, can change across [[Life course|life course]] (Hooker & McAdams, 2003) and hazards and life transitions can challenges resources individual has in its possession, referring to reciprocal process between resources and vulnerability (Turner & Schieman, 2008). This process is part of the [[Cumulative (dis)advantages|cumulative dis/advantage]] hypothesis that postulate that individual with some initial resources tend to have fewer risks across life courses and have more change to cumulate other resources resulting in greater heterogeneity in older age (Dannefer, 2003). In contrast, authors examine the conditions under which individuals “compensate” a lack of certain resources by other resources and break negative circle (Schafer et al., 2009). All in all, these various hypothesis about the effects and the availability of resources stress that they are integral part of the [[Life course|life course]] and should be understood as both determinants and outcomes of individual trajectories. <br />
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Author: Marie Baeriswyl<br />
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'''References'''<br /><br />
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press.<br /><br />
Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction: Critique social du jugement. Minuit.<br /><br />
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood. <br /><br />
Dannefer, D. (2003). Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: Cross-fertilizing age and social science theory. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(6), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.S327<br /><br />
Dannefer, D., Uhlenberg, P., Foner, A., & Abeles, R. P. (2005). On the shoulders of a giant: The legacy of Matilda White Riley for gerontology. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(6), 296–304. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1093/geronb/60.6.s296<br /><br />
Ferraro, K. F. (2011). Health and aging: Early origins, persistent inequalities? In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 465–475). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_29<br /><br />
Heckhausen, J. (1999). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges (pp. xi, 250). Cambridge University Press.<br /><br />
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307<br /><br />
Hooker, K., & McAdams, D. P. (2003). Personality reconsidered: A new agenda for aging research. The ournals of Gerontology: Series B, 58(6), 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.P296<br /><br />
Larousse. (n.d.). Ressource. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/ressource/68738<br /><br />
Lin, N. (1995). Les ressources sociales: Une théorie du capital social. Revue Française de Sociologie, 36(4), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.2307/3322451<br /><br />
Mutchler, J. E., & Burr, J. A. (2011). Race, ethnicity, and aging. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 83–101). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_6<br /><br />
Oris, M., Gabriel, R., Ritschard, G., & Kliegel, M. (2017). Long lives and old age poverty: Social stratification and life-course institutionalization in Switzerland. Research in Human Development, 14(1), 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1268890<br /><br />
Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary. (n.d.). Resource. In Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/resource_1?q=resource<br /><br />
Schafer, M. H., Shippee, T. P., & Ferraro, K. F. (2009). When does disadvantage not accumulate? Toward a sociological conceptualization of resilience. Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie. Revue Suisse de Sociologie, 35(2), 231–251.<br /><br />
Spini, D., Bernardi, L., & Oris, M. (2017). Toward a life course framework for studying vulnerability. Research in Human Development, 14(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1268892<br /><br />
Spini, D., Hanappi, D., Bernardi, L., Oris, M., & Bickel, J.-F. (2013). Vulnerability across the life course: A theoretical framework and research directions. LIVES Working Papers, 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.27<br /><br />
Turner, H. A., & Schieman, S. (2008). Stress processes across the life course: Introduction and overview. Advances in Life Course Research, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(08)00001-4<br /><br />
Venn, S., Davidson, K., & Arber, S. (2011). Gender and aging. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 71–81). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_5<br /><br />
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<div>Life domains are main fields of experience in which individual life course unfold. Family, education, work, health and leisure are often cited as a critical life domains.<br />
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In the life course literature, spillover effects occur when life domains influence each other. Decisions, events, and [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] in the work domain for instance may affect family configuration or health. We refer to crossover effects when the effects of life events and [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] go beyond, or cross, the life [[Trajectories|trajectory]] of the individual concerned and diffuse to related individuals such as members of his or her [[Social network|social network]]. For instance, temporary or permanent health problems of one member of the family may require various adaptation in the work and leisure activities of other family members. <br />
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The study of the determinants and consequences of life course [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] is challenging due to the several [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependencies across life domains]] and across related individuals. The Life Course Cube (Bernardi, Huinink and Settersten 2019) proposes a graphic representation of the complexity of the relationships that characterize the life of an individual. The axes of the cube represent three key dimensions: time, domains, and levels. The interconnection between those axes represent the individual behavior over time while interacting across levels (“micro”, “[[Meso level|meso]]” and “macro”) and across life domains.<br />
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The [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependence across life domains]] means that decisions and events happened in one domain may have a strong influence into other life domains, creating spillover effects. For instance, the combined effect of family and working life on wellbeing (Comolli, Bernardi, and Voorpostel, 2020); the simultaneity of working and family life decisions across generations (Bolano and Bernardi, 2020); the link between working uncertainty and family formation decisions (Bolano and Vignoli, 2020); geographical mobility and professional and family careers (Semeraro, 2018); the difficulties of multiple goal pursuit (Freund, 2007). Spillover effects can also been seen as the [[Resources|resources]] generated or drained by one life domain that facilitate or hinder actions and well-being in another life domain (Bernardi, Bollmann, Potarca, and Rossier, 2017; Freund, Knecht, and Wiese, 2014). Negative spillovers may spread the consequences of hazards across life spheres (Pin and Spini, 2016; Widmer, Girardin, and Ludwig, 2017), whereas positive spillovers may trigger resilience or produce synergies (Ihle et al., 2016; Shane and Heckhausen, 2016). In the upcoming LIVES book, an entire section is dedicated to the [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions|interdependences across life domains]]. <br />
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The life course of an individual is characterized by interactions between levels (i.e., macro-meso-micro interaction) as well as within levels (e.g., across individuals). The interdependence across individuals indicates that changes in one person’s life patterns may lead to changes in other people’s lives as well, bringing to a dependence in the attitudes and behaviours of members of the same group or network (household, working place). These types of interactions are crossover effects. For example, studies have shown that fertility behaviour might spread across friends and generations (Bernardi, 2016). Studies have shown the mutual influences of couple’s member on fertility decisions (e.g., Hanappi et al. 2017; Testa and Bolano 2019), health (Lam and Bolano, 2018), migration and adaptaion (Ravasi, Salamin, and Davoine, 2015).<br />
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[[Resources|Resources]] and [[Reserves|reserves]] are associated with [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] in specific life domains.<br />
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Authors: Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano<br />
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==References==<br />
Bernardi, L., Bollmann, G., Potarca, G., & Rossier, J. (2017). Multidimensionality of well-being and spillover effects across life domains: How do parenthood and personality affect changes in domain-specific satisfaction? ''Research in Human Development'', 14(1), 26-51.<br><br />
Bolano, D., and Bernardi, L. (2020). Transition to Grandparenthood and Early Retirement: Interdependencies of Life Domains across Generations. Unpublished<br><br />
Bolano, D., and Vignoli, D., (2020). First Union Formation in Australia: Actual Constraints or Perceived Uncertainty? ''DISIA Working Paper'', 2020/07.<br><br />
Bernardi, L. (2016). The intergenerational transmission of fertility. In ''Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences'' (pp. 01-16). Hoboken US: John Wiley & Sons 10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0413<br><br />
Bernardi, L., Huinink, J., and Settersten Jr, R. A. (2019). The life course cube: A tool for studying lives. ''Advances in Life Course Research'', 41. <br><br />
Comolli, C.L, Bernardi, L. and Voorpostel, M. (2020). Joint family and work trajectories and multidimensional wellbeing. Under review.<br><br />
Freund, A. M., Knecht, M., & Wiese, B. S. (2014). Multidomain engagement and self-reported psychosomatic symptoms in middle-aged women and men. ''Gerontology'', 60(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358756<br><br />
Freund, A. M. (2007). Differentiating and integrating levels of goal representation: A life-span perspective. In ''B. R. Little, K. Salmela-Aro, & S. D. Phillips (Eds.), Personal project pursuit: Goals, action, and human flourishing'' (pp. 247–270). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.<br><br />
Hanappi, D., Ryser, V-A., Bernardi L., and Le Goff, J-M. (2017). Changes in Employment Uncertainty and the Fertility Intention–Realization Link: An Analysis Based on the Swiss Household Panel. ''European Journal of Population'', 33(3):381-407 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-016-9408-y<br><br />
Ihle, A., Grotz, C., Adam, S., Oris, M., Fagot, D., Gabriel, R., & Kliegel, M. (2016). The association of timing of retirement with cognitive performance in old age: The role of leisure activities after retirement. ''International Psychogeriatrics'', 28(10), 1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216000958<br><br />
Lam, J., and Bolano, D. (2018). Social and productive activities and health among partnered older adults: A couple-level analysis. ''Social Science & Medicine'', 229, 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.016<br><br />
Pin, S., & Spini, D. (2016). Impact of falling on social participation and social support trajectories in a middle-aged and elderly European sample. ''SSM - Population Health'', 2, 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.05.004<br><br />
Ravasi, C., Salamin, X., and Davoine, E. (2015). Cross-cultural adjustment of skilled migrants in a multicultural and multilingual environment: An explorative study of foreign employees and their spouses in the Swiss context. ''The International Journal of Human Resource Management'', 26(10), 1335-1359<br><br />
Semeraro, R. (2018). Migratory Life-Courses and Social Networks. Peruvian Men and Women in Switzerland. PhD thesis, University of Lausanne. <br><br />
Shane, J., & Heckhausen, J. (2016). Optimized Engagement Across Life Domains in Adult Development: Balancing Diversity and Interdomain Consequences. ''Research in Human Development'', 13(4), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1234308<br><br />
Testa, M.R., and Bolano, D. (2019). Intentions and Childbearing in a cross-domain life course approach: the case of Australia. ''VID Working Papers'', 01/2019<br><br />
Widmer, E. D., Girardin, M., & Ludwig, C. (2017). Conflict Structures in Family Networks of Older Adults and Their Relationship With Health-Related Quality of Life. ''Journal of Family Issues'', 39(6), 1573-1597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X17714507<br><br />
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<div>A social network is a set of actors and the ties between them (Wasserman & Faust, 1994). The study of the patterns of these ties is called social network analysis, a field of study that has grown in recent decades across a wide range of disciplines (McCarthy et al, 2019). Through this approach, a countless number of economic and social processes can be represented and analyzed. Networks between people, [[Social groups|groups]], institutions, communities or nations, interacting to exchange information, transfer money, manage conflicts, to name just a few examples (Wellman & Berkowitz, 2006). In the context of [[Life course|life courses]], the concept of social network has often been used through the notion of 'social convoy': this is the set of personal relationships that accompany individuals through life course segments, such as [[Family ties|family members]] or close friends (Antonucci et al., 2019; Bidart et al., 2020; Widmer, 2006). This puts the concept of social network to the forefront for one of the principles of the [[Life course|life course]], such as that of 'linked lives'. Currently, scholars are working to strengthen the links between social network analysis and [[Life course|life course]] research (Alwin et al., 2019; Vacchiano & Spini, 2021) <br><br />
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Author: Mattia Vacchiano<br><br />
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==References==<br />
Alwin, D. F., Felmlee, D. H., & Kreager, D. A. (2018). Together Through Time – Social Networks and the Life Course. In: Alwin D. Felmlee D., & Kreager D. (Eds.), Social Networks and the Life Course. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, vol 2, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71544-5_1<br><br />
Antonucci, T. C., Ajrouch, K. J., Webster, N. J., & Zahodne, L. B. (2019). Social relations across the life span: Scientific advances, emerging issues, and future challenges. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 313–336.<br><br />
Bidart, C., Degenne, A., & Grossetti, M. (2020). Living in networks: The dynamics of social relations. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
McCarty, C., Lubbers, M. J., Vacca, R., & Molina, J. L. (2019). Conducting personal network research: A practicalguide. New York: Guilford Publishers.<br><br />
Vacchiano M and Spini D (2021) Networked lives. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 51: 87–103.<br><br />
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
Wellman, B., & Berkowitz, S. D. (1988). Social structures: A network approach. Cambridge. Cambridge University press.<br><br />
Widmer, E. D. (2006). Who are my family members? Bridging and binding social capital in family configurations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(6), 979–998.<br><br />
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==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
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<div>A social network is a set of actors and the ties between them (Wasserman & Faust, 1994). The study of the patterns of these ties is called social network analysis, a field of study that has grown in recent decades across a wide range of disciplines (McCarthy et al, 2019). Through this approach, a countless number of economic and social processes can be represented and analyzed. Networks between people, groups, institutions, communities or nations, interacting to exchange information, transfer money, manage conflicts, to name just a few examples (Wellman & Berkowitz, 2006). In the context of life courses, the concept of social network has often been used through the notion of 'social convoy': this is the set of personal relationships that accompany individuals through life course segments, such as family members or close friends (Antonucci et al., 2019; Bidart et al., 2020; Widmer, 2006). This puts the concept of social network to the forefront for one of the principles of the life course, such as that of 'linked lives'. Currently, scholars are working to strengthen the links between social network analysis and life course research (Alwin et al., 2019; Vacchiano & Spini, 2021) <br><br />
<br><br />
Author: Mattia Vacchiano<br><br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Alwin, D. F., Felmlee, D. H., & Kreager, D. A. (2018). Together Through Time – Social Networks and the Life Course. In: Alwin D. Felmlee D., & Kreager D. (Eds.), Social Networks and the Life Course. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, vol 2, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71544-5_1<br><br />
Antonucci, T. C., Ajrouch, K. J., Webster, N. J., & Zahodne, L. B. (2019). Social relations across the life span: Scientific advances, emerging issues, and future challenges. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 313–336.<br><br />
Bidart, C., Degenne, A., & Grossetti, M. (2020). Living in networks: The dynamics of social relations. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
McCarty, C., Lubbers, M. J., Vacca, R., & Molina, J. L. (2019). Conducting personal network research: A practicalguide. New York: Guilford Publishers.<br><br />
Vacchiano M and Spini D (2021) Networked lives. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 51: 87–103.<br><br />
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
Wellman, B., & Berkowitz, S. D. (1988). Social structures: A network approach. Cambridge. Cambridge University press.<br><br />
Widmer, E. D. (2006). Who are my family members? Bridging and binding social capital in family configurations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(6), 979–998.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
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}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Vulnerability&diff=755Vulnerability2022-09-21T13:30:22Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
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<div>The concept of vulnerability has been first developed in the field of environmental sciences and received a growing attention these last years in social and psychological sciences (Misztal, 2012; Ranci, 2010; Schröder-Butterfill & Marianti, 2006). Based on these previous definitions, we defined vulnerability as a process of [[Resources|resources]] or [[Reserves|reserves]] loss or insufficiency in one or more [[Life domains|life domains]] that exposes individuals to: (1) an inability to avoid individual, social or environmental [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], (2) an inability to cope effectively with these [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], and (3) an inability to recover from [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] or to take [[Cumulative (dis)advantages|advantage]] of opportunities by a given deadline (Spini, Bernardi, & Oris, 2017; Spini & Widmer, in preparation). <br />
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We find two contrasted views of vulnerability in the literature (Brown, 2011). The first view characterizes specific social categories who are in need of care or of the support of the welfare state, and a second view considering vulnerability as an ontological feature of the human condition throughout the life course. The first approach refers to a classic and static view of vulnerability defined as a syndrome of low levels of [[Resources|resources]] (Ranci, 2010) or a lack of autonomy related to a need of others’ care (Misztal, 2012). This low level of [[Resources|resources]] implies a state of weakness, inability, dependency and the need to be helped in order to avoid harm and achieve adequate satisfaction of legitimate claims (Tavaglione et al., 2015). Social categories that are labeled vulnerable in this tradition include homeless people, sex workers, asylum seekers, refugees, children and the very old, the poor and those who are chronically ill. <br />
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In contrast with this categorical approach of vulnerability, we defined vulnerability as a balance linking individuals’ [[Resources|resources]] or [[Reserves|reserves]] with the personal and contextual circumstances in which they find themselves at different points in their lives (notably in relation to [[Stress and stressors|stressors]]). In this second perspective, human beings have a latent vulnerability irrespective of their social category that may become manifest in special circumstances (non-normative events, stressful life transitions, [[Cumulative (dis)advantages|accumulation of disadvantages]], economic, social or political collective downturns). Professionals or institutions may in specific situations objectify vulnerability states with diagnostics and other evaluative tools (Spini, 2011). As shown by a variety of contributions of LIVES these latent and manifest vulnerability processes can be studied empirically within the life course framework bridging the vulnerability psycho-socio-economic and policy traditions in a life course perspective (Spini et al., 2013; Spini, Bernardi, & Oris, 2017). <br />
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This interdisciplinary approach has different advantages over previous approaches of vulnerability. First, it encourages researchers from different horizons to work together. A literature review by Hanappi, Bernardi, and Spini (2014) showed that sociological studies focused on issues such as the welfare state, poverty or family, whereas psychology was more interested in issues such of personality, coping, [[Stress and stressors|stress]], or depression. Gerontology, on its side, focused on the close concept of frailty. In this structure, vulnerability appeared to be independent of these focuses and a possible candidate for integration of various phenomena across disciplines. Indeed, a second advantage of relating the life course tradition and the vulnerability framework is that it brings together knowledge of processes that can be generalized across different disciplinary perspectives and topical fields like health, family, or work. <br />
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The basic components of vulnerability processes are related to dynamics of [[Resources|resources]], [[Reserves|reserves]], and [[Stress and stressors|stressors]]. [[Resources|Resources]] relates in a larger sense to whatever increase the likelihood of individuals to meet the social expectations (including their own) and increase their meaning in life or well-being. In that regard, many individual and collective factors, from personality traits, cognitive performance, social or cultural capital, policies, to economic assets can be considered as [[Resources|resources]]. <br />
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The concept of [[Resources|resources]] does not suggest any time related process as it rather promote a distinction between those who, at a certain point in time, have [[Resources|resources]] and those who do not. In that respect, the conceptual advances proposed by the reserve perspective are highly relevant for the study of vulnerability processes. [[Reserves|Reserves]] in different domains are [[Resources|resources]] which are not needed for immediate use but which, when accumulated to a sufficient extent, are available to recover from life shocks and adversity, social or economic [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], or non-normative transitory periods across the life course (Cullati et al., 2019). It is to some extent the opposite to vulnerability, defined in life course studies as a lack of [[Resources|resources]] making the occurrence of critical events more likely and the [[Recovery|recovery]] from such events more difficult (Spini et al., 2017). Concerning [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], they are a central dimension of life events and lifespan losses in a psychological perspective (Reese & Smyer, 1983). However, [[Stress and stressors|stress]] is not only an individual subjective appraisal issue. Following, Pearlin and his associates (Pearlin, 1989; Pearlin & Skaff, 1996), [[Stress and stressors|stress]] is unequally distributed across the social spectrum. People in disadvantaged positions have more risks to experience and suffer from [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], be they chronic or acute, precisely because they lack [[Resources|resources]] and [[Reserves|reserves]]. <br />
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There is a sequential definition of vulnerability processes in three steps; before the critical [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], during the exposure to the [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] (notably acute ones) and after the [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] happened. It has, even if it is always difficult to disentangle the complexity of vulnerability processes, the advantage of distinguishing and combining different hypotheses; for example, the hypothesis of social causation and the hypothesis of differential vulnerability (Diderichsen, Hallqvist, & Whitehead, 2019; Kessler, 1979). The hypothesis of social causation states that distal or proximal social statuses impact on subsequent states in other domains and life course [[Trajectories|trajectories]]. The differential vulnerability hypothesis states that different levels of personal or social [[Resources|resources]] (typically related to disadvantaged [[Social groups|social groups]]) may lead to a greater susceptibility to be harmed when confronted to [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] than less vulnerable individuals or groups. If social causation may be active since the start of life and in step 1 of our processual framework (and be measured by direct effects of social categories, or levels of personal or social [[Resources|resources]] and [[Reserves|reserves]], on risks of being exposed to [[Stress and stressors|stressors]]), vulnerability susceptibility may be more observable in relation to specific [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] at step two or three of this sequential model.<br />
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Finally, most empirical studies related to this vulnerability sequence model have focused on the negative side of vulnerability. However, as stressed by George (2003), the inverse hypothesis, that experiencing [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] may be a source of learning and increased resilience should not be evacuated. In this regard, it is important to consider opportunities and protective factors in life [[Trajectories|trajectories]], and not only constraints and [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] (Ferraro & Shippee, 2009). Vulnerability should not refer only to negative consequences of the [[Stress and stressors|stressors]] or a lack of [[Resources|resources]] and [[Reserves|reserves]]. It should lead us to study processes of reserve constitution or reconstitution, resilience or [[Recovery|recovery]]. As proposed by the relational perspective of Overton (2013), vulnerability should be put in relation to its antonyms and should not be simply opposed to them. A major difficulty is then to elect a single antonym. The concept of invulnerability is not applicable to mortal human beings. Thus, there are different candidates to be put in relation with vulnerability in the literature, from different fields, like resilience (mostly used in psychology in reference to extraordinary features of specific individuals or versus chronicity or vulnerability in PTSD and clinical literature), autonomy (opposed usually to dependence in social policy or gerontology), or robustness (versus frailty in gerontology). This relative fuzziness may be the subject of criticisms by some, whereas others, like Overton (2013) would probably defend the idea that concepts should create metatheoretical spaces where “foundations are groundings, not bedrocks of certainty, and analysis is about creating categories, not about cutting nature as its joints” (p.42). <br><br />
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Authors: Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi<br />
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==References==<br />
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Anderson, J., & Honneth, A. (2005). Autonomy, Vulnerability, Recognition, and Justice. In ''J. Anderson & J. Christman (Eds.),'' ''Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism: New Essays'' (pp. 127-149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br><br />
Brown, K. (2011). ‘Vulnerability’: Handle with Care. ''Ethics and Social Welfare'', 5(3), 313-321. doi:10.1080/17496535.2011.597165<br><br />
Cullati, S., Kliegel, M., & Widmer, E. (2019). Development of reserves over the life course and onset of vulnerability in later life. ''Nature Human Behavior'', 2(8), 551-558. doi:doi: 10.1038/s41562-018-0395-3<br><br />
Diderichsen, F., Hallqvist, J., & Whitehead, M. (2019). Differential vulnerability and susceptibility: how to make use of recent development in our understanding of mediation and interaction to tackle health inequalities. ''International Journal of Epidemiology'', 48(1), 268-274. doi:10.1093/ije/dyy167<br><br />
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 82(6), 878-902. <br><br />
George, L. K. (2003). What life course perspectives offer to the study of aging and health? In ''R. A. Settersten Jr (Ed.), Invitation to the life course. Toward new understanding of later life'' (pp. 161-188). Amityville: Baywood.<br><br />
Hanappi, D., Bernardi, L., & Spini, D. (2014). Vulnerability as a heuristic for interdisciplinary research: Assessing the thematic and methodological structure of empirical life-course studies. ''Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. An International Journal'', 6(1), 59-87. <br><br />
Kessler, R. C. (1979). A strategy for studying differential vulnerability to the psychological consequences of stress. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior'', 20(2), 100-108. <br><br />
Kohli, M. (2007). The institutionalization of the life course: looking back and ahead. ''Research in Human Development'', 4(3-4), 253-271. <br><br />
Misztal, B. A. (2012). The Challenges of Vulnerability. London: Palgrave McMillan.<br><br />
Overton, W. F. (2013). Relationalism and relational developmental systems: a paradigm for developmental science in the post-cartesian era. In ''R. M. Lerner & J. B. Benson (Eds.), Embodiement and epigenesis: Theoretical and Methodological issues in understanding the role of biology within the relational developmental system part A: Philosophical, theoretical, and biological dimensions'' (pp. 21-64). Elsevier Inc. Academic Press.<br><br />
Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior'', 30(3), 241-256. <br><br />
Pearlin, L. I., & Skaff, M. M. (1996). Stress and the life course. ''The Gerontologist'', 36(2), 239-247. <br><br />
Ranci, C. (2010). Social vulnerability in Europe. In ''C. Ranci (Ed.), Social vulnerability in Europe. The new configuration of social risks'' (pp. 3-24). London: Palgrave McMillan.<br><br />
Reese, H. W., & Smyer, M. A. (1983). The dimensionalization of life events. In ''E. J. Callahan & K. A. McCluskey (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology. Nonnormative life events'' (pp. 1-33). New York: Academic Press.<br><br />
Schröder-Butterfill, E., & Marianti, R. (2006). A framework for understanding old-age vulnerabilities. ''Ageing & Society'', 26, 9-35. <br><br />
Spini, D. (2011). Vulnérabilités et trajectoires de vie. Vers une alliance entre parcours de vie et politiques sociales. In ''F.-X. Merrien & J.-P. Tabin (Eds.), Regards croisés sur la pauvreté''. Lausanne: Editions EESP.<br><br />
Spini, D., Hanappi, D., Bernardi, L., Oris, M., & Bickel, J.-F. (2013). Vulnerability across the life course: A theoretical framework and research directions. ''LIVES Working Papers'', vol. 2013, no. 27, 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.27<br><br />
Spini, D., Bernardi, L., & Oris, M. (2017). Toward a life course framework of vulnerability. ''Research in Human Development'', 14(1), 5-25. <br><br />
Spini, D. & Widmer, E. (in preparation). Inhabiting vulnerability across the life course. In ''D. Spini & E. Widmer (Eds), Withstanding vulnerability: dynamics of resources, reserves and stressors across the life course''. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <br><br />
Tavaglione, N., Martin, A. K., Mezger, N., Durieux-Paillard, S., François, A., Jackson, Y., & Hurst, S. A. (2015). Fleshing Out Vulnerability. ''Bioethics'', 29(2), 98-107. doi:10.1111/bioe.12065<br><br />
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<div>Recovery from a mental or physical illness, or a traumatic life or collective experience can refer to a process or a state (the result of the recovery process). It can be conceptualised on several levels (individuals, groups, regions) and as an individual or group process. On an individual level, clinical practice and research distinguish objective and subjective recovery. Objective recovery refers to a medically defined process or state of symptom remission. Subjective or personal recovery is an individual perception meaning that the concerned person manages to lead a satisfying and purposeful life, develops self-esteem and a positive identity in the face of an illness (Anthony, 1993; Davidson & Roe, 2007; Deegan, 1988; Onken, Craig, Ridgway, Ralph, & Cook, 2007). While objective recovery is measured with the corresponding symptom scales, there are specific quantitative and qualitative instruments to assess subjective recovery. One frequently used instrument in the context of illness is the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS; Corrigan, Salzer, Ralph, Sangster, & Keck, 2004) including five dimensions: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others and no domination by symptoms. A more process-oriented instrument assessing different stages of subjective recovery in the context of mental illness is the Stages Of Recovery Instrument (Andresen, Caputi, Oades, 2006). Recovery can be achieved through an individual or a group process. On a collective level, social identity or [[Social capital|social capital]] based programs aim at achieving recovery through processes fostering group [[Resources|resources]]. These can operate either at a small-group, community regional levels or on larger groups or categories such as equity deserving groups.<br><br />
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Author: Klaas, Hannah S.<br><br />
Co-author: Ehsan, Anna<br><br />
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==References==<br />
Andresen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of Recovery Instrument: Development of a Measure of Recovery from Serious Mental Illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(11-12), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01921.x <br><br />
Anthony, W. A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095655<br><br />
Corrigan, P. W., Salzer, M., Ralph, R. O., Sangster, Y., & Keck, L. (2004). Examining the Factor Structure of the Recovery Assessment Scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 1035–1041.<br><br />
Deegan, P. E. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(4), 11–19.<br><br />
Onken, S. J., Craig, C. M., Ridgway, P., Ralph, R. O., & Cook, J. A. (2007). An analysis of the definitions and elements of recovery: a review of the literature. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(1), 9–22. <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Recovery&diff=753Recovery2022-09-21T13:24:55Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Recovery from a mental or physical illness, or a traumatic life or collective experience can refer to a process or a state (the result of the recovery process). It can be conceptualised on several levels (individuals, groups, regions) and as an individual or group process. On an individual level, clinical practice and research distinguish objective and subjective recovery. Objective recovery refers to a medically defined process or state of symptom remission. Subjective or personal recovery is an individual perception meaning that the concerned person manages to lead a satisfying and purposeful life, develops self-esteem and a positive identity in the face of an illness (Anthony, 1993; Davidson & Roe, 2007; Deegan, 1988; Onken, Craig, Ridgway, Ralph, & Cook, 2007). While objective recovery is measured with the corresponding symptom scales, there are specific quantitative and qualitative instruments to assess subjective recovery. One frequently used instrument in the context of illness is the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS; Corrigan, Salzer, Ralph, Sangster, & Keck, 2004) including five dimensions: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others and no domination by symptoms. A more process-oriented instrument assessing different stages of subjective recovery in the context of mental illness is the Stages Of Recovery Instrument (Andresen, Caputi, Oades, 2006). Recovery can be achieved through an individual or a group process. On a collective level, social identity or [[Social capital|social capital]] based programs aim at achieving recovery through processes fostering group resources. These can operate either at a small-group, community regional levels or on larger groups or categories such as equity deserving groups.<br><br />
<br><br />
Author: Klaas, Hannah S.<br><br />
Co-author: Ehsan, Anna<br><br />
<br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Andresen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of Recovery Instrument: Development of a Measure of Recovery from Serious Mental Illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(11-12), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01921.x <br><br />
Anthony, W. A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095655<br><br />
Corrigan, P. W., Salzer, M., Ralph, R. O., Sangster, Y., & Keck, L. (2004). Examining the Factor Structure of the Recovery Assessment Scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 1035–1041.<br><br />
Deegan, P. E. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(4), 11–19.<br><br />
Onken, S. J., Craig, C. M., Ridgway, P., Ralph, R. O., & Cook, J. A. (2007). An analysis of the definitions and elements of recovery: a review of the literature. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(1), 9–22. <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Recovery&diff=752Recovery2022-09-21T13:23:59Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Recovery from a mental or physical illness, or a traumatic life or collective experience can refer to a process or a state (the result of the recovery process). It can be conceptualised on several levels (individuals, groups, regions) and as an individual or group process. On an individual level, clinical practice and research distinguish objective and subjective recovery. Objective recovery refers to a medically defined process or state of symptom remission. Subjective or personal recovery is an individual perception meaning that the concerned person manages to lead a satisfying and purposeful life, develops self-esteem and a positive identity in the face of an illness (Anthony, 1993; Davidson & Roe, 2007; Deegan, 1988; Onken, Craig, Ridgway, Ralph, & Cook, 2007). While objective recovery is measured with the corresponding symptom scales, there are specific quantitative and qualitative instruments to assess subjective recovery. One frequently used instrument in the context of illness is the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS; Corrigan, Salzer, Ralph, Sangster, & Keck, 2004) including five dimensions: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others and no domination by symptoms. A more process-oriented instrument assessing different stages of subjective recovery in the context of mental illness is the Stages Of Recovery Instrument (Andresen, Caputi, Oades, 2006). Recovery can be achieved through an individual or a group process. On a collective level, social identity or social capital based programs aim at achieving recovery through processes fostering group resources. These can operate either at a small-group, community regional levels or on larger groups or categories such as equity deserving groups.<br><br />
<br><br />
Author: Klaas, Hannah S.<br><br />
Co-author: Ehsan, Anna<br><br />
<br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Andresen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of Recovery Instrument: Development of a Measure of Recovery from Serious Mental Illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(11-12), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01921.x <br><br />
Anthony, W. A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095655<br><br />
Corrigan, P. W., Salzer, M., Ralph, R. O., Sangster, Y., & Keck, L. (2004). Examining the Factor Structure of the Recovery Assessment Scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 1035–1041.<br><br />
Deegan, P. E. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(4), 11–19.<br><br />
Onken, S. J., Craig, C. M., Ridgway, P., Ralph, R. O., & Cook, J. A. (2007). An analysis of the definitions and elements of recovery: a review of the literature. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(1), 9–22. <br><br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
''(scroll to zoom, drag nodes to move, click and hold nodes to open next level)''<br />
{{#network:<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Recovery&diff=751Recovery2022-09-21T13:22:46Z<p>Livesadmin: Created page with "Recovery from a mental or physical illness, or a traumatic life or collective experience can refer to a process or a state (the result of the recovery process). It can be conceptualised on several levels (individuals, groups, regions) and as an individual or group process. On an individual level, clinical practice and research distinguish objective and subjective recovery. Objective recovery refers to a medically defined process or state of symptom remission. Subjective..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Recovery from a mental or physical illness, or a traumatic life or collective experience can refer to a process or a state (the result of the recovery process). It can be conceptualised on several levels (individuals, groups, regions) and as an individual or group process. On an individual level, clinical practice and research distinguish objective and subjective recovery. Objective recovery refers to a medically defined process or state of symptom remission. Subjective or personal recovery is an individual perception meaning that the concerned person manages to lead a satisfying and purposeful life, develops self-esteem and a positive identity in the face of an illness (Anthony, 1993; Davidson & Roe, 2007; Deegan, 1988; Onken, Craig, Ridgway, Ralph, & Cook, 2007). While objective recovery is measured with the corresponding symptom scales, there are specific quantitative and qualitative instruments to assess subjective recovery. One frequently used instrument in the context of illness is the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS; Corrigan, Salzer, Ralph, Sangster, & Keck, 2004) including five dimensions: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others and no domination by symptoms. A more process-oriented instrument assessing different stages of subjective recovery in the context of mental illness is the Stages Of Recovery Instrument (Andresen, Caputi, Oades, 2006). Recovery can be achieved through an individual or a group process. On a collective level, social identity or social capital based programs aim at achieving recovery through processes fostering group resources. These can operate either at a small-group, community regional levels or on larger groups or categories such as equity deserving groups.<br><br />
<br><br />
Author: Klaas, Hannah S.<br><br />
Co-author: Ehsan, Anna<br><br />
<br />
<br><br />
==References==<br />
Andresen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of Recovery Instrument: Development of a Measure of Recovery from Serious Mental Illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(11-12), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01921.x <br><br />
Anthony, W. A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095655<br><br />
Corrigan, P. W., Salzer, M., Ralph, R. O., Sangster, Y., & Keck, L. (2004). Examining the Factor Structure of the Recovery Assessment Scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 1035–1041.<br><br />
Deegan, P. E. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(4), 11–19.<br><br />
Onken, S. J., Craig, C. M., Ridgway, P., Ralph, R. O., & Cook, J. A. (2007). An analysis of the definitions and elements of recovery: a review of the literature. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(1), 9–22. <br></div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=750Main Page2022-02-15T13:41:02Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your proposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=749Main Page2022-02-15T13:40:34Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your porposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submission https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=748Main Page2022-02-15T13:40:13Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us your porposition by this form : [https://centre-lives.ch/en/form/glossary-submissionh]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=743Main Page2021-11-25T15:54:49Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives.ch/ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to [mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch lives.scientific@unil.ch]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Resources_(personal,_social,_economic,_etc.)&diff=742Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)2021-10-20T13:48:23Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
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<div>Overall, a resource is something – tangible or intangible - that an institution or an individual can use to improve her/his condition, to achieve an aim or to deal with difficulties (e.g. see “resource” in Larousse, n.d.; Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary, n.d.). In psychology, resources can be generally defined as “those entities that either are centrally valued in their own right (e.g., self-esteem, close attachments, health, and inner peace) or act as a means to obtain centrally valued ends (e.g., money, social support, and credit)” (Hobfoll, 2002, p. 307). In sociology, resources are material or symbolic goods whose value is socially determinant and that can be use in social actions; in most societies, these goods are associated with wealth, status and power (Lin, 1995). In an interdisciplinary and [[Life course|life course]] perspective, the notion of resources is central to the study of vulnerability. Resources are conceptualized as means that decrease “ the risk of experiencing (1) negative consequences related to sources of [[Stress and stressors|stress]], (2) the inability to cope effectively with [[Stress and stressors|stressors]], and (3) the inability to recover from the stressor or to take advantage of opportunities before a given deadline” (Spini et al., 2017, p. 2). In others word, resources are conceptualized as means to overcome vulnerability across [[Life course|life course]]. <br />
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In this context, the resources possibly available to individuals are multiple and refer to various [[Life domains|life domains]] (i.e., economic, relational, cognitive, or institutional). Among the various types of resources, we can distinguish personal resources from social resources. '''Personal resources''' belong to and are in possession of the individuals (for instance, health, education, income, etc.); in contrast, '''social resources''' refer to resources that are embedded in social ties, i.e. they belong and are in possession of other persons and the individual access to these resources only through his/her social network (Lin, 1995). Among personal resources, we can distinguish biological, psychological or economic resources. Biological resources refer to genes and physical health conditions. Psychological resources include personality traits, cognitive-affective self-regulation, and identity narratives (Heckhausen, 1999; Hooker & McAdams, 2003). '''Economic resources''' refer to money and wealth. By extension, it can also include more social dimensions of economic life – or the determinant of the capacity to work and produce (e.g. education, skills, experience, or health), referring to “human capital” concept (Becker, 1964). Of course, these classifications are limited and partial and we could distinguish '''other types of resources'''. For instance, at individual level, we could distinguish “cultural” resources (knowledge, degrees, soft-skills, language, cultural goods, etc.), or “symbolic” resources (recognition, prestige) in reference with Bourdieu’s capital types (Bourdieu, 1986). Resources can also be situated at collective level through the institutions and their services (e.g. Welfare State policies) and the cultural context (shared norms and values) (Spini et al., 2017). Beyond the multiplicity of resources levels and types, the various resources intersect and interact with each other (Bourdieu, 1979; Hobfoll, 2002; Hooker & McAdams, 2003), referring to multidimensional and multilevel dimensions of life-courses and vulnerability processes (Spini et al., 2017).<br />
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Resources and their distribution in multiple combinations across [[Life domains|life domains]] are available differently depending individual, time and space. For instance, the social stratification approach stresses the importance of social origin and parental socioeconomic status on individual resources and the intergenerational transmission of inequalities (Ferraro, 2011). Individual resources are also influenced by the position in the stratification system in terms of gender, ethnicity or age (Dannefer et al., 2005; Mutchler & Burr, 2011; Venn et al., 2011). The impact of structures on individual resources must also be conceptualized in term of history : the period in which the individual lives influences the resources available to them, involving cohort differences (Oris et al., 2017). In psychology, the long-term process of resources availability is stressed by various models that show a “critical period” in [[Life course|life course]] through the important effect of childhood and early in life on the later health of a person (for a resume, see, Spini et al., 2013). However, resources availability is also dependent on individual trajectories: even personal resources initially conceived as very stable, typically personality traits, can change across [[Life course|life course]] (Hooker & McAdams, 2003) and hazards and life transitions can challenges resources individual has in its possession, referring to reciprocal process between resources and vulnerability (Turner & Schieman, 2008). This process is part of the [[Cumulative (dis)advantages|cumulative dis/advantage]] hypothesis that postulate that individual with some initial resources tend to have fewer risks across life courses and have more change to cumulate other resources resulting in greater heterogeneity in older age (Dannefer, 2003). In contrast, authors examine the conditions under which individuals “compensate” a lack of certain resources by other resources and break negative circle (Schafer et al., 2009). All in all, these various hypothesis about the effects and the availability of resources stress that they are integral part of the [[Life course|life course]] and should be understood as both determinants and outcomes of individual trajectories. <br />
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Author: Marie Baeriswyl<br />
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'''References'''<br /><br />
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press.<br /><br />
Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction: Critique social du jugement. Minuit.<br /><br />
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood. <br /><br />
Dannefer, D. (2003). Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: Cross-fertilizing age and social science theory. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(6), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.S327<br /><br />
Dannefer, D., Uhlenberg, P., Foner, A., & Abeles, R. P. (2005). On the shoulders of a giant: The legacy of Matilda White Riley for gerontology. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(6), 296–304. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1093/geronb/60.6.s296<br /><br />
Ferraro, K. F. (2011). Health and aging: Early origins, persistent inequalities? In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 465–475). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_29<br /><br />
Heckhausen, J. (1999). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges (pp. xi, 250). Cambridge University Press.<br /><br />
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307<br /><br />
Hooker, K., & McAdams, D. P. (2003). Personality reconsidered: A new agenda for aging research. The ournals of Gerontology: Series B, 58(6), 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.P296<br /><br />
Larousse. (n.d.). Ressource. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/ressource/68738<br /><br />
Lin, N. (1995). Les ressources sociales: Une théorie du capital social. Revue Française de Sociologie, 36(4), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.2307/3322451<br /><br />
Mutchler, J. E., & Burr, J. A. (2011). Race, ethnicity, and aging. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 83–101). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_6<br /><br />
Oris, M., Gabriel, R., Ritschard, G., & Kliegel, M. (2017). Long lives and old age poverty: Social stratification and life-course institutionalization in Switzerland. Research in Human Development, 14(1), 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1268890<br /><br />
Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary. (n.d.). Resource. In Oxford Avanced Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/resource_1?q=resource<br /><br />
Schafer, M. H., Shippee, T. P., & Ferraro, K. F. (2009). When does disadvantage not accumulate? Toward a sociological conceptualization of resilience. Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie. Revue Suisse de Sociologie, 35(2), 231–251.<br /><br />
Spini, D., Bernardi, L., & Oris, M. (2017). Toward a life course framework for studying vulnerability. Research in Human Development, 14(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1268892<br /><br />
Spini, D., Hanappi, D., Bernardi, L., Oris, M., & Bickel, J.-F. (2013). Vulnerability across the life course: A theoretical framework and research directions. LIVES Working Papers, 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.27<br /><br />
Turner, H. A., & Schieman, S. (2008). Stress processes across the life course: Introduction and overview. Advances in Life Course Research, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(08)00001-4<br /><br />
Venn, S., Davidson, K., & Arber, S. (2011). Gender and aging. In R. A. Settersten & J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Aging (pp. 71–81). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_5<br /><br />
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<div>Initially developed in neuroscience, the reserves concept was use to study the level of protection against cognitive damage (see “cognitive reserve”, e.g., Stern, 2009). In its extended understanding proposed by Cullati, Widmer and Kliegel (2018), the reserves concept can refer to all areas of life and must allow to better grasp [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] processes across the [[Life course|life course]]. In this context, reserves are defined as « the means needed not for immediate use but rather accumulated in a sufficient manner. Such means help overcome shocks and adversity and delay or modify the processes of decline in well-being, health, wealth and social life during aging. » (Cullati et al., 2018, p. 551). In other words, reserves refer to the various means available to individuals to face distributive events or [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] during [[Life course|life course]]. With respect to « [[Resources|resources]] », the notion of reserves highlights the time-oriented dimension of the means available to individuals to avoid or deal with [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] by stressing their dynamics of constitution through accumulation, their processes of activation across [[Life course|life course]], but also their risk of depletion when facing a critical life event, and possible need for reconstitution after depletion. The thresholds under which reserves cannot be transform into effective [[Resources|resources]] to face [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] are another issue raised by the reserves concept that is important in understanding [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] dynamics.<br />
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==Constitution : passive and active==<br />
The constitution of reserves may refer to passive or active process (Cullati et al., 2018). Passive process of reserves constitution refers initially, regarding its origin in neurosciences, to innate (i.e. genetically determined) and very early acquired (typically through family environment or with school education) inter-individual differences that impact [[Trajectories|trajectories]] of cognitive functioning. In a more social sciences perspective, passive process refers also to social inequalities or the impact of social background on further [[Life course|life course]] conditions. Conversely, Cullati and colleagues argue also for an active model of constitution, where initial reserves can be changed across individual [[Trajectories|trajectories]]. For instance, reserves for cognition may be enhance through stimulating activities (e.g. Ihle et al., 2018). The development of social ties (e.g. friendship, colleagues, partner) is another example of the opportunities to developpe important reserves across [[Life course|life course]]. In the end, taking into account these two principles of reserves constitution – passive and active - seems to be crucial to understand [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] and reserves dynamics and to examine [[Cumulative (dis)advantages|cumulative processes of (dis)advantages]] and [[Trajectories|trajectories]] of resilience.<br />
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==Activation, depletion and reconstitution==<br />
While supporting the “active” perspective on reserves, various principles stress the time-dynamic dimension of this concept. The first is the plasticity principle that refers to the “use it or lose it” notion or the fact that activities contribute to the maintenance of the ability to function (Cullati et al., 2018, p. 553). In other word, this implies that reserves need to be activated through [[Life course|life course]] to be effective when needed; for instance, stimulating activities help preserve cognitive reserve or regular exchange contribute to maintain relational reserves. <br />
Another step of reserves dynamic refers to their depletion when facing a critical life event. Indeed, reserves can decrease after their use or become inadequate over [[Life course|life course]] exigences, involving the need for individual to reconstitute their reserves. <br><br />
These various principles can vary in intensity among reserves types: for instance, friendship ties have been showed as asking more individual investment in their maintenance (notably through the reciprocity principle)in contrast with [[Family ties|family ties]] whose functioning would be more guided by solidarity norms and involves more automaticity (Allan, 2008). Beyond, historical changes have also an impact of the importance of individual investment in reserves dynamics. Indeed, in western societies after WWII, the standardized [[Life course|life course]] and its institutions (education, family, retirement), include a relative stable and coherent model of reserves that secure individual life course. With changes toward more destanstandardized society, constitution and activation of reserves, e.g. education or [[Family ties|family ties]], focus more on individual agency – in other word are less linear, secured and automatic. The more frequent and numerous life [[Transition-bifurcation|transitions]] and disruptive events that tend to happen during [[Life course|life course]] increase the use of reserves but also the risk of their depletion and the need of their reconstitution (Baeriswyl et al., submitted). Such issues may relate to successful achievement in [[Employability|employability]] and [[Career development|career development]].<br />
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==Thresholds==<br />
[[Resources|Resources]] must be accumulated in a sufficient manner to constitute effective reserves. Under a certain threshold, reserves do not allow individual to face adverse life event or life [[Transition-bifurcation|transition]] and to continue functioning according to societal standards (Cullati et al., 2018). Understanding reserve thresholds is a crucial issue for social and health policy in order to establish appropriate measures for compensating the lack of individual reserves.<br />
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==Domains==<br />
The composition of reserves includes various [[Life domains|life domains]]: education, social and family relationships, psychological and mental health, income and wealth. Of course, reserves issues vary among domains (e.g. expected outcomes depending on life areas or inequalities and individual differences in constitution or activation). Moreover, the various types of reserves and their outcomes interact across [[Life course|life course]] in complex [[Causality|causality]] chain – where [[Resources|resources]] are both outcomes and means of reserves accumulation - that contribute thus to account for individual [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] [[Trajectories|trajectories]] (Cullati et al., 2018; Spini et al., 2017).<br />
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Author: Marie Baeriswyl<br />
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==References==<br />
Allan, G. (2008). Flexibility, friendship, and family. ''Personal Relationships'', 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00181.x<br><br />
Baeriswyl, M., Widmer, E. D., & Oris, M. (submitted). A reserves perspective on education over recent historical time in Switzerland.<br><br />
Cullati, S., Kliegel, M., & Widmer, E. D. (2018). Development of reserves over the life course and onset of vulnerability in later life. ''Nature Human Behaviour'', 2, 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0395-3<br><br />
Ihle, A., Ghisletta, P., Ballhausen, N., Fagot, D., Vallet, F., Baeriswyl, M., Sauter, J., Oris, M., Maurer, J., & Kliegel, M. (2018). The role of cognitive reserve accumulated in midlife for the relation between chronic diseases and cognitive decline in old age: A longitudinal follow-up across six years. ''Neuropsychologia'', 121, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.013<br><br />
Spini, D., Bernardi, L., & Oris, M. (2017). Toward a life course framework for studying vulnerability. ''Research in Human Development'', 14(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1268892<br><br />
Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. ''Neuropsychologia'', 47(10), 2015–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004<br><br />
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<div>The hypothesis of accumulation of dis/advantages considers the long term process of individual heterogeneity and social inequalities and postulates that differentiation processes operating through macro-level, organizational-level and micro-level lead to an accentuation of diversity and inequalities in older age (Dannefer, 1987, 2003; see also Diprete & Eirich, 2006; Ferraro et al., 2009). <br><br />
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The hypothesis of accumulation of dis/advantages is built on the “Matthew effect” described by Merton (1968): the author described processes of inequalities in Sciences and scientific work in the light of the gospel according to St-Matthew “for unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance : but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that wish he hath ». In other words, Merton explained : « the Matthew effect consists in the accruing of greater increments of recognition for particular scientific contributions to scientists who have not yet made their mark » (p.3). This cumulation of disadvantages relates with the unequal cumulation of [[Resources|resources]] or [[Reserves|reserves]] such as [[Social capital|social capital]]. Dannefer specified Merton’s Matthew effect to aging process and the intracohort differentiation. The authors stressed the socially structured mechanisms participating to aged heterogeneity, in other words the persistent pattern of inequality and their amplification through social process of cumulation, contributing to qualify a vision purely psychological or social-psychological of aging (Dannefer, 1987). The Mathilda effect refers to the cumulation of dis/advantages between women and men throughout the [[Life course|life course]], in relation with [[Gender regimes|gender regimes]]. <br />
The model of cumulative dis/advantages is complementary to social stratification one, stressing how small differences early in life can result to larger ones in later life. However, while the impact of social stratification on [[Life course|life course]] has been clearly demonstrated, the processes of cumulative dis/advantages are still few documented (Cullati et al., 2014; Pallas & Jennings, 2009). In contrast with cumulative processes, authors stress also the interest to study “When Does Disadvantage Not Accumulate? » or the issue of resilience through [[Life course|life course]] and the place of agency within structure (Schafer et al., 2009). <br />
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Author: Marie Baeriswyl<br />
==References==<br />
Cullati, S., Rousseaux, E., Gabadinho, A., Courvoisier, D., & Burton-Jeangros, C. (2014). Factors of change and cumulative factors in self-rated health trajectories: A systematic review. ''Advances in Life Course Research'', 19, 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2013.11.002<br><br />
Dannefer, D. (1987). Aging as intracohort differentiation: Accentuation, the Matthew effect, and the life course. ''Sociological Forum'', 2(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01124164<br><br />
Dannefer, D. (2003). Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: Cross-fertilizing age and social science theory. ''The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences'', 58(6), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.S327<br><br />
Diprete, T. A., & Eirich, G. M. (2006). Cumulative advantage as a mechanism for inequality: A review of theoretical and empirical developments. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.SOC.32.061604.123127<br><br />
Ferraro, K. F., Shippee, T. P., & Schafer, M. H. (2009). Cumulative inequality theory for research on aging and the life course. In ''Handbook of theories of aging, 2nd ed'' (pp. 413–433). Springer Publishing Company.<br><br />
Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew Effect in Science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered. ''Science'', 159(3810), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3810.56<br><br />
Pallas, A. M., & Jennings, J. L. (2009). Cumulative knowledge about cumulative advantage. ''Swiss Journal of Sociology'', 35(2), 211–229.<br><br />
Schafer, M. H., Shippee, T. P., & Ferraro, K. F. (2009). When does disadvantage not accumulate? Toward a sociological conceptualization of resilience. ''Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie''. ''Revue Suisse de Sociologie'', 35(2), 231–251.<br><br />
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<div>Overall, in psychology, stress refers to the physical or psychological reaction to a demand (or stressor) or the event that constitute this demand (Hazanov-Boskovitz, 2003). Stress and stressors are widely studied for their impact on individual health and well-being. Three main types of stressor are generally identified in literature (Spini et al., 2013): <br><br />
* Life events: Life [[Transition-bifurcation|transition]] or life change constitute events that require adaptation from individual and can be source of stress<br />
* Chronic strains: More enduring or recurring problems experienced during daily life are possible source of stress<br />
* Daily hassles: Small and punctual problems of daily life can also be source of stress.<br />
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In the transactional perspective, stress is more particularly defined as a particular relation between the individual and its environment, where the individual see the situation as exceeding their own [[Resources|resources]] or [[Reserves|reserves]] and threatening their well-being (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The appraisal of stress is critical in this approach: the relation between source of stress and stress is not simple and cannot be defined in an absolute way. However, this approach constitutes a crucial model to understand the differential impact of stress on individual, notably by emphasizing the [[Resources|resources]] that individual have and use to face/assess possible sources of stress, then cope with stress (Hobfoll, 2002; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).<br><br />
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The sociological approach of stress emphasizes the impact of social structures on the stress process (Turner & Schieman, 2008). In this perspective, the exposure to and meaning of stressors are seen as dependent on the social and institutional affiliations and status of individuals: the individual location in stratification systems, the institutional arrangement of status and roles and the configurations of relationships in which the individual are embedded are considered important factors of stress (Pearlin, 1989). This approach also emphasizes that one stressor occurs rarely by itself: stressors tend to proliferate and diffuse within and across [[Life domains|life domains]]. Moreover, the diffusion of stressors can also occur between individuals: stressors experienced by one individual becoming stressors for others, notably when they share the same role sets.<br><br />
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Stress constitues one major mechanism by which [[Vulnerability|vulnerability]] unfolds.<br />
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Author: Marie Baeriswyl<br />
==References==<br />
Hazanov-Boskovitz, O. (2003). Etude du coping des adolescents dans un contexte expérimental (Doctoral dissertation, University of Geneva). https://doi.org/10.13097/archive-ouverte/unige:170<br><br />
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. ''Review of General Psychology'', 6(4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307<br><br />
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). ''Stress, appraisal, and coping''. Springer publishing company.<br><br />
Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior'', 30(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136956<br><br />
Spini, D., Hanappi, D., Bernardi, L., Oris, M., & Bickel, J.-F. (2013). Vulnerability across the life course: A theoretical framework and research directions. ''LIVES Working Papers'', 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12682/lives.2296-1658.2013.27<br><br />
Turner, H. A., & Schieman, S. (2008). Stress processes across the life course: Introduction and overview. ''Advances in Life Course Research'', 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-2608(08)00001-4<br><br />
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<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to [mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch lives.scientific@unil.ch]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
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==List of definitions==<br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
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| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
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| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Baeriswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Baeriswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=737Main Page2021-10-06T09:12:07Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to [mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch lives.scientific@unil.ch]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=734Main Page2021-10-04T12:36:39Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to [mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch lives.scientific@unil.ch]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Worksheet]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=733Main Page2021-10-04T12:32:47Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to [mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch lives.scientific@unil.ch]<br />
<br /><br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Worksheet]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=732Main Page2021-10-04T12:31:38Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Initially reserved to LIVES members only, the wiki glossary is now open to the general public for consultation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
If you wish to add a new definition on the life course and vulnerability, suggestions and contributions are possible by sending us an email to <a href="mailto:lives.scientific@unil.ch>lives.scientific@unil.ch</a><br />
<br /><br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Worksheet]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=731Main Page2021-10-04T08:17:29Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Worksheet]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=730Sandbox2021-06-10T13:24:34Z<p>Livesadmin: Replaced content with " ==Test here== '''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br> <br>"</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br></div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation&diff=729LIVES Glossary visualisation2021-06-08T07:39:57Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>==The whole picture==<br />
Click to activate zoom- and drag-fonctionnality<br />
{{#network: Capabilities | Causality | Career development | Cumulative (dis)advantages | Employability | Family ties | Gender regimes | Life course | Life domains | Interdependencies across life course dimensions | Meso level | Missing data | Mixed methods | Reserves | Resources | Social capital | Social groups | Trajectories | Stress and stressors | Vulnerability<br />
| class = col-lg-3 mt-0<br />
| exclude = Main Page ; Sitemap ; Worksheet<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Credits: https://github.com/ProfessionalWiki/Network</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=728Main Page2021-06-03T14:21:59Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references in the APA standard] as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Glossary_LIVES:About&diff=727Glossary LIVES:About2021-06-02T14:32:17Z<p>Livesadmin: Created page with "This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vu..."</p>
<hr />
<div>This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Worksheet&diff=726Worksheet2021-06-02T14:08:32Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>Overview of existing and planned definitions:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Panel recommendations !! [[:Category:CORE|CORE]] !! [[:Category:CCI1|CCI1]] !! [[:Category:CCI2|CCI2]] !! [[:Category:CCI3|CCI3]] !! [[:Category:CCI4|CCI4]]<br />
|-<br />
| *[[Vulnerability]] || [[Vulnerability]] || [[Complementary, subsidiary and competitive resources across life domains]] ||[[Meso level]] || [[Resources_(personal,_social,_economic,_etc.)|Resources : - personal, - social, - economic]] <br >- distribution - complementarity - competition || [[Causality]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || [[Life course]] || [[Life domains|Spillover and cross over effects across life domains]] ||[[Social capital]] || [[Reserves]] <br>* [[Reserves#Constitution : passive and active|Constitution : passive and active]] <br>* [[Reserves#Activation, depletion and reconstitution|Activation, depletion and reconstitution]]<br>* [[Reserves#Threshold|Threshold]]<br> || [[Mixed methods]]<br />
|-<br />
| *Processes, *mechanisms, programs || Processes, mechanisms, programs || [[Coping]] || || [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || [[Multilevel]] (data and models)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] || [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] (linking resources across levels, contexts, over time) || [[Resilience]] || || [[Stress and stressors]] <br>* [[Stress and stressors#Transactional approach of stress|Transactional approach of stress]] <br>*Sociological approach of stress || [[Longitudinal Data]] (par ex., retrospective and prospective)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || [[Trajectories]] || [[Recovery]] || || [[Employability]] || [[Missing data]] <br />
|-<br />
| *[[Gender regimes]] || [[Life Events]] || || || [[Career development]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Inter/multi/trans-disciplinary || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| *[[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)|Resources (*personal, *social, *economic, etc.)]], *[[Reserves|reserves]], [[capabilities]] || [[Transition-bifurcation]] || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| *[[Employability|Employability]], [[Career development|career development ]] || || || ||||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
| || || || || ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
* [[Special:RecentChanges]]<br />
<br />
==Help and Testing==<br />
*[[Editing Examples]]<br />
*[[Sandbox]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=725Main Page2021-06-02T14:08:11Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite https://glossary.centre-lives.ch as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=724Main Page2021-06-02T14:06:33Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><big><strong>Welcome to the LIVES wiki-glossary!</strong></big> <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This wiki is dedicated to helping researchers in the social sciences, junior or advanced, who need to have an overview of the critical concepts associated with research on vulnerability in a life course perspective. This initiative aims to make interdisciplinary research more straightforward. With over 30 central concepts described and explained, it includes terms such as vulnerability, trajectories, reserves, cumulative (dis)advantages, resilience, longitudinal data (retrospective and prospective) and many more. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is a project of the [https://centre-lives./ Centre LIVES]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Please, cite https://glossary.centre-lives.ch as reference for any use of the wiki-glossary.<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Semantic network visualisation==<br />
* [[LIVES Glossary visualisation]]<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
* [[Worksheet]]<br />
* [[Special:RecentChanges]]<br />
<br />
==Help and Testing==<br />
*[[Editing Examples]]<br />
*[[Sandbox]]</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=723Sandbox2021-06-02T14:04:54Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 20px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=722Sandbox2021-06-02T14:04:42Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top; padding-top: 10px" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=721Sandbox2021-06-02T14:03:14Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=720Sandbox2021-06-02T14:02:58Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
[[File:Semantic-network2.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel Bonvin || rowspan="22" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=719Sandbox2021-06-02T13:59:52Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
[[File:Semantic-network2.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel || Bonvin rowspan="22"| [[Image:Semantic-network2.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=File:Semantic-network2.png&diff=718File:Semantic-network2.png2021-06-02T13:59:42Z<p>Livesadmin: </p>
<hr />
<div>semantic network visualisation</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=717Sandbox2021-06-02T13:55:25Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel || Bonvin rowspan="22"| [[Image:Semantic-network.png|350px|link=LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=716Sandbox2021-06-02T13:55:04Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel || Bonvin rowspan="22"| [[Image:Semantic-network.png|350px|LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadminhttps://glossary.centre-lives.ch/index.php?title=Sandbox&diff=715Sandbox2021-06-02T13:54:51Z<p>Livesadmin: /* List of definitions */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
==Test here==<br />
'''Feel free to test here below ....'''<br><br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
==List of definitions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Concept !! Author(s) !! LIVES Glossary visualisation<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capabilities]]|| Jean-Michel || Bonvin rowspan="22"| [[Image:Semantic-network.png|250px|LIVES_Glossary_visualisation]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Causality]] || Paulo Ghisletta <br />
|-<br />
| [[Career development]] || Koorosh Massoudi, Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cumulative (dis)advantages]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Employability]] || Michele Pellizzari, Daniel Oesch, Rafael Lalive<br />
|-<br />
| [[Family ties]] || Eric Widmer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Gender regimes]] || Nicky Le Feuvre <br />
|-<br />
| [[Life course]] || Laura Bernardi, Dario Spini<br />
|-<br />
| [[Life domains]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano <br />
|-<br />
| [[Interdependencies across life course dimensions]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Danilo Bolano<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longitudinal Data]] || Jean-Marie Le-Goff, Clémentine Rossier, Matthias Studer <br />
|-<br />
| [[Meso level]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini <br />
|-<br />
| [[Missing data]] || André Berchtold <br />
|-<br />
| [[Mixed methods]] || Emilie Joly-Burra, Oana Ciobanu, Paolo Ghisletta<br />
|-<br />
| [[Reserves]] || Marie Beariswyl<br />
|-<br />
| [[Resources]] - fusionner avec: [[Resources (personal, social, economic, etc.)]] || Laura Bernardi, Danilo Bolano, Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Social capital]] || Mattia Vacchiano, Dario Spini, Olga Ganjour, Eric Widmer<br />
|-<br />
| [[Social groups]] || Christian Staerklé <br />
|-<br />
| [[Trajectories]] || Jacques-Antoine Gauthier, Jonas Masdonati, Koorosh Massoudi, Shagini Udayar, Ieva Urbanaviciute<br />
|-<br />
| [[Transition-bifurcation]] || Jean-Marie Le Goff, Alexandra M. Freund<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stress and stressors]] || Marie Beariswyl <br />
|-<br />
| [[Vulnerability]] || Dario Spini, Laura Bernardi <br />
|}</div>Livesadmin